.page-template-magazine-template header.header-style-one #main-menu-wrapper, )- (Los Bros Hernandez, a collective pseudonym), Herndon, Nancy 1934- (Elizabeth Chadwick, Nancy Fairbanks), National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/herndon-alonzo-franklin, The Mixed Legacy of the Reconstruction Era. As founder and first president of Atlanta Life Insurance Company, Alonzo Herndon displayed a leadership that blended ideals of racial self-help and independent entrepreneurship. He took his presumed father's surname. } Born into slavery, he became one of the first African American millionaires in the United States, first achieving success by owning and operating three large barber shops in the city that served prominent white men. Notify me of follow-up comments by email. They were homeless and living in poverty. Herndons barbershop expanded to three shops, attracting Black Atlantas elite. In 1893, Herndon married Adrienne Elizabeth McNeil, a professor at Atlanta University, who influenced his cultural and educational growth. In 1905, Herndon bought the business, then named the Atlanta Benevolent and Protective Association, and renamed it the Atlanta Life Insurance Company. In 1905, his property holdings were valued at nearly $325,000. Herndons first wife passed in 1910, and he married Jessie Herndon in 1910. line-height:22px; .navigation ul .current-menu-item > a, .navigation ul li a:hover{ .footer-wrapper td{ .header-wrap-top .top-social-icon li a:hover{color:#f4c85e;} On that day in 1878, he walked all the way to Jonesboro, Georgia, but his first stop was a town that had telegraph wires running overhead, something he had never before seen and which unsettled him. Twice Herndon's businesses were destroyed by fire: once in 1896 after a gas stove across the street from the Markham ignited its building and leveled the hotel, and again in 1902 when his new place on Marietta Street ignited in a fire that destroyed an entire city block. color:#494bbc; Admired and respected by many, he was noted for his involvement in and support of local institutions and charities devoted to advancing African American business and community life. His mother was Sophenie, an enslaved woman. }h2,.two-grid-layout .post-content h2,.standard-layout .post-title h2{ Merged with two other firms and renamed the Atlanta Life Insurance Company, the firm prospered. "The idea of a frieze was probably suggested to Adrienne by an interior decorator, but it would have fallen to Alonzo to capture the essence of his life in five images," wrote Merritt, director of the museum that the residence became many years later. Your support helps us commission new entries and update existing content. Du Bois called a meeting of selected Black leaders to organize the Niagara Movement, Herndon was among the twenty-nine men who attended the founding meeting in 1905. line-height:48px; DuBois-led Niagara Movement. With Herndon playing a pivotal role as president and chief stockholder, the small association expanded its assets from $5,000 in 1905 to more than $400,000 by 1922. Herndon was born on June 26, 1858 in Walton County, Georgia to Frank Herndon, a white farmer, and Sophenie, his slave. Civil Rights Movement Mid- to Late 20th Century Topics . border: 1px solid #f4c85e; li.social-icon ul li a,ul.single-social-icon li a i{ She was sent adrift in the world with her two children and a corded bed and [a] few quilts. Blake Sims. All Rights Reserved. In 1882, he moved to Atlanta, and found a post with a highly regarded local barber. He gave generous support and resources to such local institutions and causes as the YMCA; Atlanta University; the Leonard Street, Carrie Steele, and Diana Pace orphanages; the Herndon Day Nursery; and the First Congregational Church. In 1922 the company was reorganized as the Atlanta Life Insurance Company and achieved legal reserve status, a position enjoyed by only four other Black insurance companies at that time. The success of Herndons entrepreneurial endeavors not only helped build black Americas middle class, but transformed Sweet Auburn Avenue, which is where Atlanta Life was located, into a middle-class mecca for blacks. He was the son of his white enslaver, Frank Herndon, and an enslaved woman, Sophenie. "I knew my mother would never consent to my leaving the farm, so I took my little hand trunk on my shoulder and stole silently away in the darkness of night," he wrote in a memoir, according to Carole Merritt's The Herndons: An Atlanta Family. } } One of the souths wealthiest men, he died on July 21, 1927. Take a virtual tour of Georgia's museums and galleries, Fashion and politics from Georgia-born designer Frankie Welch. Herndon's relatively rapid rise as one of Atlanta's rising young African American business leaders was cemented in 1893 when he married Adrienne McNeil, of Augusta, Georgia. Box 1615 At age 20, Herndon decided to broaden his horizons, first taking a job as a farmhand in the nearby town of Senoia, then taking a part-time position in Jonesboro as a barber. Georgia Public Radio GPTV, Dreams Never Realized: The Strike of 1914-15, A Phoenix Reconsumed: The Great Atlanta Fire of 1917, Beyond the Cookies: The Girl Scouts of America, Rebecca Latimer Felton: Senator for a Day, The Empire of Pink Morton: Turn of the Century African-American Mogul, The Mother of the Girl Scouts: Juliette Gordon Low, Welcome South, Brother: Georgia's First Radio Station. Alonzo Herndon. .upcoming-events li span { Living in a small shack with his mother, younger brother, maternal grandparents, and members of several other families caught in the same dilemma, Herndon helped out by selling peanuts, molasses, and axle grease. An African American barber and entrepreneur, Alonzo Herndon was founder and president of the Atlanta Life Insurance Company, one of the most successful Black-owned insurance businesses in the nation. Got an event or know of something opening in and around Atlanta? .format-quote blockquote, .single .format-quote blockquote, .single blockquote{ In 1910, Herndons wife died unexpectedly. Alexa Benson Henderson, Atlanta Life Insurance Company: Guardian of Black Economic Dignity (Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 1990). At his death in 1927, his real estate was assessed at nearly $325,000. Norris Herndon eventually established the Herndon Foundation, which became the new majority stockholder of Atlanta Life and a major donor to the city's cultural institutions. His son, Norris B. Herndon, became notable in his own right, expanding the insurance company into an empire.[6]. 191 Peachtree St #2500, Atlanta, GA 30303. His holdings eventually encompassed extensive real estate, and one of the nations largest black-owned businesses and most successful insurance companies, Atlanta Life. Atlanta, GA 30318 Herndon's early life and family history represent a fascinating microcosm of black American life in the pre-and post-Civil War South. 2. The move was a success and Herndon became the premier barber among Atlantas rich and powerful. 2. He also supported commercial activities, including the Southview Cemetery Association and the Atlanta State Savings Bank. The publicity materials for the event claimed she was from an old French and Creole family in South Carolina, mentioning nothing about her race, and though she earned good reviews for a recital of Shakespeare's Antony and Cleopatra, no other roles came her way. } When President Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation, Herndon and his family had their freedom, but were thrust into the position of supporting themselves with virtually no resources. It is one of a few structures associated with Herndon in Atlanta and the success he brought to the city. .flex-slider li .caption-content p{color:#fff;} Are you interested reading facts about Alonzo Herndon? }. Born into slavery, he belonged to the first generation of successful African American entrepreneurs of the early twentieth century. It is one of a few structures associated with Herndon in Atlanta and the success he brought to the city. Total Assets: $114.35 billion (1994) color:#494bbc!important; Herndon soon became a major philanthropist, investing his time and money into black causes, including co-founding the Niagara Movement, the forerunner of the NAACP. Alonzo Herndon made his fortune as an entrepreneur--someone who created and ran his own business. The New Georgia Encyclopedia is supported by funding from A More Perfect Union, a special initiative of the National Endowment for the Humanities. [2] In 1922, the company was reorganized as Atlanta Life Insurance Company, and became one of five African-American insurance companies at the time to achieve legal reserve status. How does Alonzo Herdon embody the American dream? Alonzo Franklin Herndon was born on June 6, 1858, in Social Circle, Georgia, which is located in Walton County. Encyclopedia.com gives you the ability to cite reference entries and articles according to common styles from the Modern Language Association (MLA), The Chicago Manual of Style, and the American Psychological Association (APA). [1] Herndons death in 1927, his son, Norris B. Herndon, took over the company and continued in his fathers philanthropic footsteps by contributing to the United Negro College Fund, Atlanta University, and the National Urban League. [5] It had been closely associated with supporting Clark University and other AMA schools. An entrepreneur at heart, he learned barbering and eventually opened his own shop in Atlanta called the Crystal Palace and later founded the Atlanta Life Insurance Company. Herndon's significant investments in property allowed him to improve a great deal of housing stock in the city that . fbq('init', '213902435871547'); His holdings eventually encompassed extensive real estate, and one of the nation's largest black-owned businesses and most successful insurance companies, Atlanta Life. After moving to segregated Atlanta, Herndon opened several barbershops including the upscale Crystal Palace in 1902. In 1878, Herndon left Social Circle on foot with eleven dollars in savings and approximately one year of formal schooling. His full name is Alonzo Franklin Herndon. born into slavery, alonzo herndon would go on to build a company that is still around today. } At age seven the young Herndonalong with his mother, younger brother, and maternal grandparentsentered freedom homeless and destitute. Herndon also used his wealth to support local institutions and causes, such as the Young Mens Christian Association (YMCA), Atlanta University, the First Congregational Church, the Southview Cemetery, and the Atlanta State Savings Bank. Atlanta Life's business thrived, and they expanded their business into Florida, Kansas, Kentucky, Missouri, Tennessee, and Texas. Alonzo Herndon, a former slave born in 1858 in Social Circle, sought to better himself and ultimately became Atlanta's first African-American millionaire. Here are some interesting facts about him for you: Herndon was born on 26 June 1858 in Walton County, Georgia. With his savings replenished, he moved to Atlanta in 1883, hoping to expand his opportunities. FUN FACTS. Present this to the class. Pub, Turner, Henry McNeal 18341915 } Death: Immediate Family: Son of Stephen C Herndon and Lucinda Philpot McGowan. Despite several crises in the industry and lean times generally, Atlanta Life under Herndons leadership survived and progressed into the next decades as a secure and prosperous business. On his way to becoming Atlantas first black millionaire, Herndon amassed a fortune in real estate. } She hired herself out by the day and as there was money in the country, she received as pay potatoes, molasses, and peas enough to keep us from starving.". https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/herndon-alonzo-franklin, "Herndon, Alonzo Franklin The Herndon Home is a historic house museum and National Historic Landmark at 587 University Place NW, in Atlanta, Georgia.An elegant Classical Revival mansion with Beaux Arts influences, it was the home of Alonzo Franklin Herndon (1858-1927), a rags-to-riches success story who was born into slavery, but went on to become Atlanta's first black millionaire as founder and head of the Atlanta . You can visit it in Vine City at 587 University Place NW. When he was strong enough, at age 13, his former masterand biological fatheroffered him a job on the plantation as a farmhand, a position he held for the next seven years. .footer-wrapper li, Herndon was born a slave on June 26, 1858, in a small town near Atlanta, Georgia, known as Social Circle. Encyclopedia of World Biography. n.callMethod.apply(n,arguments):n.queue.push(arguments)}; Then, copy and paste the text into your bibliography or works cited list. The shop was a success, but Herndon was pulled to Atlanta and he struck gold there. Alonzo and Adrienne had a son, Norris. His father was his mother's White owner, so he was kept on the man's farm. Herndon was featured in The Crisis Magazine's Men of the Month in March 1921. }} Most online reference entries and articles do not have page numbers. "My aim," he explained in a speech that year delivered at the Tuskegee Institute and quoted in the Merritt book, "has been for several years to try to get as many of our people together to cooperate in business and along all other lines. The great trouble in establishing insurance companies among our people is that it is difficult for our people to understand the advantage of pulling together for the common and for their own good." line-height:48px; color:#f4c85e; He hired top managers with industry experience, trained a professional sales force, and acquired smaller, struggling insurance companies in both Georgia and nearby states. Herndon eventually bought into a partnership, but it was later dissolvedperhaps due to Hutchins's financial setbacks, which taught Herndon to always be cautious about business expansion. His funeral was an extraordinary event in the city, and Atlanta Life's Memphis chief, George W. Lee, was one of a lengthy list of eulogists who paid tribute to the company founder. .flex-slider li .caption-content h1{ color:#5a5d5a; Alexa Benson Henderson, Alonzo Herndon and Black Insurance in Atlanta, 1904-1915, Atlanta Historical Bulletin 21 (spring 1977). Merritt, The Herndons: An Atlanta Family (Athens: University of Georgia #main-menu-wrapper nav .mega .thunk-widget-menu a:hover,#menu .mega-menu-posts a:hover, Born into slavery, he belonged to the first generation of successful African American entrepreneurs of the early twentieth century. Refer to each styles convention regarding the best way to format page numbers and retrieval dates. Regardless of the reason, his acquisition strategy made Atlanta Life one of the most successful black businesses in the nation by the 1920s. Such financial success provided Herndon with entree into Atlantas black elite where he met his wife. Looking to make his fortune in a place that offered better opportunities for blacks, Herndon relocated to Rome, Georgia, and then Chattanooga, Tennessee, but at one point was so discouraged by his business setbacks that he thought about quitting altogether and taking in a job a plow factory. Later, in 1905, he joined WE.B. In 1905 he became the founder and president of what he built to be one of the United States' most well-known and successful African-American businesses, the Atlanta Family Life Insurance Company (Atlanta Life). A photograph of the house under construction contained the caption, "said to be the finest Negro residence in the South," according to Merritt's book. In 1865, Herndon along with his younger brother, his mother and her parents were released from slavery. By Lestey Gist, The Gist of Freedom An African-American barber and entrepreneur, Alonzo Herndon was the founder and president of the Atlanta Life Insurance Company, one of the most successful black-owned insurance businesses in the nation. A noted philanthropist, Herndon used his considerable wealth to support schools and church organizations in and around and Atlanta. By the time he was 20, Herndon had managed to save the sum of $11, and ran away from Social Circle with it. Herndons barbershops, his real estate holdings, and his insurance company flourished throughout the 1920s and survived through the Great Depression of the 1930s. Public Co, 15 Mountain View Road, P.O. border-color:#f4c85e; As his business blossomed, so did his clientele and influence around the city. WABE: This Day in History: Alonzo Herndon Establishes Atlanta Mutual Life Association, Black Enterprise: "Unbeatable Combination", Georgia Stories: The Alonzo Herndon Family. Alonzo's marriage to Adrienne had a far-reaching impact on his life, greatly influencing his cultural and educational growth. Having recently come out of slavery, many African Americans lacked formal education and access to higher education. He had been approached by a couple of ministers in the community to acquire the company as something for the black community. . Alonzo Herndon was born on the 26th of June, 1858. alonzo herndon in 1905 herndon bought a failing border-color:#f4c85e; New Georgia Encyclopedia, 20 September 2004, https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/business-economy/alonzo-herndon-1858-1927/. .slider-wrapper .flex-slider .fs-caption-overlay{ Father of Larry Herndon; Roy V Herndon and Ora Herndon. Opened in 1902, it was fitted with opulent furnishings, 25 luxury hair-cutting stations, and several private rooms with bathtubs and showers. /*inline margin*/ Atlanta Journal-Constitution, November 22, 1999, p. A1; August 18, 2002, p. G1. background:#f4c85e; .footer-wrapper .footer-copyright .copyright { display: block; }body,p{ He began by buying a failing mutual aid association in 1905, when the state of Georgia increased capital requirements for such businesses. 8. Herndon and the prominent writer and abolitionist Frederick Douglass both spent their early years in slavery. Fax: (908) 580-3402 1858-1927 Alonzo Herndon parlayed success as a barber and as the owner of upscale barbershops into a business empire. 20042023 Georgia Humanities, University of Georgia Press. header,.page header{ Alonzo Herndon is one of the most well-known black businessmen in Atlanta and Georgias history. In addition to the MLA, Chicago, and APA styles, your school, university, publication, or institution may have its own requirements for citations. His child Norris B. Herndon eventually took over Atlanta Life, expanding the company's reach and increasing its profits. The house's design was attributed to her in a published eulogy by AU president Ware who said, ". Alonzo, Adrienne, and Norris Herndon, 1907. s.parentNode.insertBefore(t,s)}(window, document,'script', Within six months, Herndon became a sought-after talent in his new trade. From a very young age, Herndon worked as a laborer, and a peddler, to help support his family, as only his mother could work in the early years. border: 1px solid #f4c85e; [1] One of his large, refined, barbershops serving white customers was damaged by white rioters during the 1906 Atlanta race riot. Herndon bought the business for $140 in 1905, and when he deposited the sum according to the new state regulatory rules, his company became the first in the state to meet the new requirement. Alonzo wanted to remind himself and others that even though he had become very successful he started out as a slave. 3. 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