"[19] Texas state legislators have never previously tried to remove an appointed official. Impeachment is the equivalent of an indictment. Farmer Jim wasnt even much of a farmer, though he owned a few farms and was incredibly loyal to farmers. The vote was 25-3. There are 31 members of the Texas State Senate. Because each style has its own formatting nuances that evolve over time and not all information is available for every reference entry or article, Encyclopedia.com cannot guarantee each citation it generates. W. V. Howerton, ed., Facts on Ferguson: A Review of the Impeachment and a Reply to Charges Made by Ex-Governor Ferguson (Austin, 1918). Angry that two professors had openly criticized his administration, Ferguson demanded that the Board of Regents fire them. Ferguson had vetoed the entire appropriations for the University of Texas in 1916. Millions of Texans have rare diseases. Its hard not to like the down-home folksy style that made Texas Gov. Ferguson also ran for President of the United States in the 1920 election as the candidate of the American Party. As much as one might appreciate Fergusons homey aphorisms, a word hed likely have found objectionable because of its academic taint his style loses its charm when you learn all that was revealed at his impeachment. So to prove this to them, Ferguson called a special session to consider a UT funding bill he could sign. The Texas Senate reduced the charges to 10, half of which dealt with the transfer of the $5,600. The prohibitionists passed over their better-known leaders and gave their support to Charles H. Morris of Winnsboro, a political unknown. The fact is that he had parked state funds in his bank for personal gain and he had run his bank as a one-man Ponzi scheme. As a result of his actions, in 1917, Ferguson became the only Texas governor impeached and removed from office. He was reelected in 1916 but the following year was impeached on grounds of misusing public funds and removed from office. Tags James Ferguson is the only governor to be impeached and convicted. The Ferguson controversy with the university brought renewed interest in the old charges, however, and at about the same time a number of new charges were made. The House immediately turned its attention to the numerous charges against the governor and, after a lengthy investigation, prepared twenty-one articles of impeachment. Three others dealt with the veto of university funding as an abuse of power and official oppression. In 1918 he sought the Democratic party nomination for the governorship but was defeated by William P. Hobby. Elections in 2023 | To impeach, the House simply needs a majority vote on the different charges involved. Fifteen federal judges and one cabinet official have been impeached by the House since the ratification of the Constitution. Both elected and non-elected officials can be impeached in Texas. Soon after, the alumni group began taking out ads in newspapers calling for the governors impeachment. StrongJanuary 29, 202010:48 amArts & Culture, Stories From Texas, Bain News Service /Wikimedia Commons [Public domain]. He gave a speech in his own defense and blamed the charges on that N-word loving senator from the north, Senator Johnson. Not Lyndon. The 1920 presidential election was won by Republican candidate Warren Harding. An argument over spending tax dollars, an attempt to silence political opponents, and charges of a kangaroo court.. Impeached provides a new examination of the rise and fall of Ferguson's political fortunes, offering a focused look at how battles over economic class, academic freedom, women's enfranchisement, and concentrated political power came to be directed toward one . Which Way Will Harris County Precinct 3 Turn In 2020? Jim "Pa" Ferguson became the first person in Texas to be impeached. He was elected governor in 1914, his first election. Texas History Minute: Jim Ferguson only Texas governor to be impeached, removed By Ken Bridges Jan 30, 2020 0 1 of 2 Gov. In 1917, James Ferguson was impeached and removed from office as governor of Texas while under indictment. Hall updated Governor Rick Perry's office in April 2013 with the full list. The first and only Texas governor to be impeached is Governor James "Pa" Ferguson. You are currently viewing a legacy feature of the Texas Politics Project website. An effort was begun in 2013 to investigate the possibility of impeaching University of Texas Regent Wallace Hall. The Senate, sitting as a High Court of Impeachment, spent three weeks considering the charges and finally convicted the governor on ten of them. (b. The legality of the speaker calling a session was questionable the Texas Constitution says only the governor can call a special session but the point became moot when Ferguson called his own special session to discuss the budget for the University of Texas. Governor have not acted, then by proclamation of the President Pro Tempore of the State Senate. Gould, Lewis L. "The University Becomes Politicized: The War with Jim Ferguson." Seven related to misapplication of public funds, one to embezzlement and one to the diversion of a special fund. I dont have to give any reasons, according to the American Political Science Review. These included misappropriation of state funds, falsification of records, unwarranted interference with the control of the University of Texashe directed the board of regents to fire a leading educator and prominent Democrat, A. Carswell Ellisand refusal to divulge the source of a personal loan of $156,500, a huge sum at the time. He claimed to be a successful businessman; he was not. The regents refused. Her most recent publications include contributions to Texas Women: Their Histories, Their Lives and Discovering Texas History. But Ferguson ran for governor in the 1918 Democratic primary. 9, 1916) Gen. John J. Pershing led US forces in a hunt for Villa from March 14, 1916 to Feb. 7, 1917 Though he had signed legislation creating three new colleges, he found himself in a feud with professors at the University of Texas. The Senate can call witnesses to testify and vote to convict with a two-thirds majority vote. Ferguson was born to the Reverend James E. Ferguson, and Fannie Ferguson near Salado in south Bell County, Texas. Some have said Hall is being targeted for uncovering evidence of political favoritism with respect to admissions processes.[6]. He claimed to be painstakingly honest; he was an embezzler. If the House adopts articles of impeachment, the Texas State Senate must then sit as the court of impeachment. This is simply not true. He often said, civilization begins and ends with the plow. Ferguson was a mesmerizing speaker and storyteller and was splendidly fluent in the dialects of rural Texas. Centex baseball preview: What's old, new, borrowed and blue for 2023? He was a popular figure, singing laws protecting sharecroppers and providing state funding for rural schools. 27 February 1917 in Floresville, Texas; d. 15 June 1993 in Houston, Texas), governor of Tex, https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/ferguson-impeachment. The Texas Senate, many of whom had served under William Harding Mayes and with whom Mayes maintained cordial relationships,[14] removed Ferguson as governor and declared him ineligible to hold office under Texas jurisdiction. Ballot measures, Who represents me? The Court of Impeachment, by a vote of twenty-five to three, removed Ferguson from office and made him ineligible to hold any office of honor, trust, or profit under the state of Texas. The issues were prohibition, the tax rate, and certain unpalatable rumors concerning the Ferguson administration. Ferguson was indicted on nine charges in July 1917. Committee member Dan Flynn said he was not surprised by the findings and was pleased the university counsel reached a conclusion.[21][22][23][24]. He was an avowed enemy of the KKK, but to hear him talk about black people, youd have thought he had earned his hood. James Edward Ferguson Collection, Barker Texas History Center, University of Texas at Austin. The Board of Regents hired the firm to review whether Hall may have violated any federal privacy laws in his handling of student information. The first had to do with his abuse of power while attempting to micromanage the University of Texas. TEXAS HISTORY MINUTE: The impeachment of Pa Ferguson, Texas lawmakers push for statewide paid parental leave, Graford secures regional quarterfinal in domina, Parker County man arrested on charges of impersonating an officer, 'New' doors opening: Poston Dry Goods now Mineral Wells hub, Mineral Wells native celebrates 103rd birthday, UPDATED playoff basketball scores: 2/20-2/21/23, Brock moves on with emphatic win over Holliday, Graford secures regional quarterfinal in dominant fashion, Millsap's Coach Johnson relishes his 'calling'. [7], In 1914, Ferguson was elected as governor of Texas by running as an anti-prohibitionist Democrat. He entered Salado College, a local preparatory school, at age twelve but was eventually expelled for disobedience. In 1916 Ferguson's reelection seemed certain. Landowners were assured, however, that they need not be alarmed by the proposal, as it would benefit all concerned. In 1930 he conducted the unsuccessful campaign of his wife for the governorship, and in 1932 he conducted her successful campaign for the same office. First Amendment: Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances. The reason he called the special session was because he wanted to address the UT budget, but they impeached him instead. In 1924, Ferguson entered his wife Miriam, known as "Ma", in the Democratic gubernatorial primary. In sum, his down-home authenticity faded away to reveal a man who was mostly a fraud. He told the UT president, Dr. Robert E. Vinson, that he wanted them fired. Two years later they lost a reelection bid amid new scandals concerning excessive pardons and political patronage abuses. Double your gift when you give by 6 p.m. Thursday. Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography. Prohibition was a major issue in the campaign of 1914, with several aspirants for the governorship on both sides of the question. Eight federal judges have been convicted in the Senate and removed from office. James T. DeShields, They Sat in High Places: The Presidents and Governors of Texas (San Antonio: Naylor, 1940). He showed up most every day to his own trial, invited or not, with two armed Texas Rangers as escorts. Needed buildings were provided at other eleemosynary institutions. Yet the House rejected a broad attempt to impeach Johnson for abuse of power in 1867, because many congressmen felt a president had to commit a crime to be impeached. Proclamation signed by a majority of the members of the House. Ferguson was so enraged by the demonstrators that he got into a yelling match with one of the student protestors and had to be restrained from climbing out of his window to fight them, according to The Impeachment of Jim Ferguson, a 1983 book by Bruce Rutherford. But the mere fact that Ferguson had been impeached and made ineligible to hold any office of trust or profit under the state did not in any sense remove him from the field of Texas politics. [10], After being re-elected in 1916, Ferguson vetoed the appropriations for the University of Texas. Two years later they lost a reelection bid amid new scandals concerning excessive pardons and political patronage abuses. Carillo in 1975. ." If Hall is impeached, he would bethe third person in Texas history to be in that situation. How to run for office | Low 54F. He was replaced by William P. Hobby after the Texas House of Representatives found him guilty in ten of twenty-one charges. James Edward Ferguson Jr. (August 31, 1871 - September 21, 1944), known as Pa Ferguson, was an American Democratic politician and the 26th Governor of Texas, in office from 1915 to 1917. Similarly, the Texas constitution gives the lower house of the legislature power to impeach judges, the governor, and statewide elected officials. [12], [13] In addition, Cigarroa wrote: "During testimony before the Select Committee, some early witnesses implied that the U.T. Jordan, Barbara Charline In 1917, barely into his second term as governor of Texas, James E. Ferguson was impeached, convicted, and removed from office. Before the process could be completed, Ferguson resigned from office, contending that the legislative action against him was a kangaroo court. He was impeached in 1917 and removed from office. In 1917, Gov. He is the author, coauthor, or editor of more than two dozen books, most recently Anti-Black Violence in Twentieth-Century Texas. Nine of the charges can be described as violations of the law, while the obtaining of $156,500 from a secret source was certainly not in keeping with good policy. In 1924, unable to run under his own name, he Mr. Ferguson, known as "Pa", ran his wife's campaign for the governorship against Judge Felix Robertson, the candidate endorsed by the Ku Klux Klan. Ferguson was on the ballot only in Texas, where he received 47,968 votes (9.9 percent of the vote in Texas, 0.2 percent of the vote nationwide). Interns wanted: Get paid to help ensure that every voter has unbiased election information. The entire process is substantially the same in Texas for elected officials, as it is for most of the other states. Ferguson was indicted on nine charges which included misapplication of public funds, embezzlement and the diversion of a special fund. It was, in his mind, absolute. Almost a century later, the Ferguson impeachment presents both striking similarities and key differences to. He resigned his office the day before the judgment was announced and contended that it did not apply to him. U.S. President | The state was blue, then really indigo. You have permission to edit this article. Winds light and variable.. [8] Hall, as an individual citizen, filed FOIA requests with the University system after his inquiries via his role as a Regent were rebuffed. This led to a special session being called by the Legislature, to press for Fergusons impeachment. The specifics are left to the state legislators to determine. The impeachment process begins with the House of Representatives. Ferguson was indicted on charges including embezzlement while Carillo spent three years in jail following his impeachment. Almost a century later, the Ferguson impeachment presents both striking similarities and key differences to the ongoing saga involving University of Texas System Regent Wallace Hall. He lost the 1922 Democratic Primary race for U.S. Senate by a wide margin. As a political speaker he had few equals. Low 54F. Only the governor can do that. Hall investigated the university's forgivable-loans program and admissions policies and preferential treatment to politically-connected individuals. James Edward Ferguson, also called Farmer Jim or Pa was born in Bell County in 1871. Jessica Brannon-Wranosky and Bruce A. Glasrud, eds. The incumbent State Librarian was Ernest Winkler, who was a professional historian with years of experience as a librarian. The United States Constitution provides that the President of the United States shall only be removed from office upon "Impeachment for, and Conviction of, Treason, Bribery, or other high Crimes and Misdemeanors. Though he was kicked out of office and disgraced in front of his colleagues, Ferguson was still popular among his hardcore supporters and rallied back. [9] According to his accusers, Hall filed requests of more than 800,000 pages, which some Texas administrators called an unnecessary burden. Even his former political allies couldn't find him innocent in the face of such damning evidence - and his own indefensible behavior. The Senate, sitting as a High Court of Impeachment, spent three weeks considering the charges and finally convicted the governor on ten . In addition, he established Farmers State Bank. months before, both the House and the Senate had refused to sustain charges against him, and his removal from office was far from certain when the legislature convened in special session. Both women followed husbands who had served earlier. The following sections are outlined in Article 15 of the Texas Constitution. Basically, he wanted five professors fired, for the unstated reason that they had spoken out publicly against his candidacy for governor. When his reasoning was questioned, he would respond, I am governor of Texas. He said the governor served the people, but he used the power of the office to reward his friends and crush not just his political enemies, but good servants of the state whose only offense was not voting for him. [1] Impeachments in Texas begin in the Texas House of Representatives which must cast a majority vote in favor of impeachment. In 1913, William Sulzer was impeached and removed from office as governor of New York. the lieutenant governor He was replaced by William P. Hobby after the Texas House of Representatives found him guilty in ten of twenty-one charges. But the mere fact that Ferguson had been impeached and made ineligible to hold any office of trust or profit under the state did not in any sense remove him from the field of Texas politics . The day before he was thrown out of office he resigned, saying it didn't count. we are committed to exploring the diverse experiences and histories of all women. Despite the Senate's conviction, Ferguson sought to run for governor again in 1924. Of course, her husband was the only one the amnesty applied to. Although Ferguson was disqualified from holding public office, he did try to run in the 1924 elections to redeem his reputation. Impeachment is the process by which the legislative branch has the authority to remove a sitting public official. But it is Hall not his political patron, Perry who would be targeted for possible impeachment. Only two elected officials in the history of Texas have ever been successfully impeached. James Ferguson Dr. Ken Bridges An argument over spending tax. On July 21, 1917, in the midst of the excitement, Ferguson appeared before the Travis County grand jury, and several days later it was announced that he had been indicted on nine charges. The movement to impeach and remove James Ferguson as governor ultimately ended with Ferguson _____. The Texas Supreme Court disagreed, so he had his wife run in his place. He was a popular figure, signing laws protecting sharecroppers and providing state funding for rural schools. [5], In 2013, the Texas State Legislature began an impeachment trial for Regent Wallace Hall. The UT battle was the one he should have avoided. Dictionary of American History. [11] Another leading Ferguson critic on the UT campus was the historian Eugene C. Barker. He only made the ballot in Texas, winning just under 10% of the vote. He was indicted and impeached during his second term, but according to Ferguson technically impeached, after he resigned office. But the day before the conviction was certain to come down. He only made the ballot in Texas, winning just under 10% of the vote. System has not protected the privacy rights of students, staff, and patients. American banker and politician (18711944), Brochure, "Meet the Fergusons: Two Governors for the Price of One", Bell County Museum, Belton, Texas, Lucadia Christiana Niles Pease (18671869), Learn how and when to remove this template message, "The Texas Politics Project, Governors of Texas, 12. [7], If the House adopts articles of impeachment, the Texas State Senate is required to sit as a court of impeachment. He tapped Reverend Allan Ferguson Cunningham to serve as State Librarian, despite his lack of training or experience in the field. Barred from state office, he ran for president in 1920 on the American Party ticket. Federal courts | Unable to run under his own name, Ferguson ran his wife's campaign for Governor; Miriam A. Ferguson, known as "Ma" Ferguson, was twice elected as governor, serving two non-consecutive terms, from 1925 to 1927 and 1933 to 1935. The Legislature cannot call itself into special session. Similarly, the Texas Constitution gives the lower house of the legislature power to impeach judges, the governor and statewide elected officials. Ferguson was first elected in 1914, and was reelected in 1916. Lewis L. Gould, Progressives and Prohibitionists: Texas Democrats in the Wilson Era (Austin: University of Texas Press, 1973; rpt., Austin: Texas State Historical Association, 1992). The chairman of the investigating committee, William H. Bledsoe of Lubbock, called for impeachment. How to vote | The veto was retaliation against the university because of its refusal to dismiss certain faculty members whom Ferguson found objectionable, including William Harding Mayes, former Texas Lieutenant Governor and founder and dean of the University of Texas School of Journalism. In his eyes, the university was made up of corruptionists, draft dodgers, two-bit thieves and butterfly chasers, according to a historical account compiled by what is now the Texas Exes. Seven of the charges related to misapplication of public funds, one to embezzlement, and one to the diversion of a special fund. After a trial, the Senate voted him out of office by a vote of 25-3 and banned him from holding any state office. He vilified everything from fraternities to the faculty to the student body. Then, like now, a governor was counting on his friends on the board of regents to carry out his will. Instead, the House immediately turned its attention to 21 articles of impeachment. Meanwhile, Winkler fought for his job by enlisting the help of his colleagues. If the Senate is not in session, there are four ways by which it may be convened.[7]. Almost a century later, the impeachment of Ferguson by the Texas House of Representatives presents both striking similarities and key differences to the ongoing Hall saga. This call was of doubtful legality, but Ferguson removed all question by calling the legislature to meet for the purpose of making appropriations for the University of Texas. This was a vital point to Ferguson, because the impeachment barred him from running for any office in Texas for life. by Nicole Shealy Soon the talk of impeachment is echoing through the halls of the Capitol. Democratic nominee James M. Cox won in Texas, where the white majority was voting solidly Democratic. "Ferguson Impeachment She won that and the general election,[2] saying that she intended to rely on her husband for advice. Partly cloudy skies early will give way to cloudy skies late. Their campaign slogan: Two governors for the price of one.. 4. Eight governors have been removed from office through impeachment. . James Ferguson is the only governor to be impeached and convicted. And here, Ferguson made his second blunder. Dr. Ken Bridges is a writer, historian and native Texan who enjoys sharing these stories about people from the Lone Star state. FERGUSON IMPEACHMENT. Ferguson was the only "wet" candidate in the Democratic primary and garnered all of the anti-prohibitionist votes over a plurality of "dry" candidates. Among the charges was falsifying campaign finance reports to conceal a loan to his campaign of $350,000. The charges were then sent to the state Senate for trial. Though no Texas official has been impeached and removed from office at the state level since Ferguson, Texas politics has hardly been scandal-free. After he returned to Texas, he studied law in Bell County and was admitted to the bar. Donations by CCWH members and other patrons support CCWH awards and initiatives. The Senate, acting as a court of impeachment, spent three weeks considering the charges and convicted the governor of 10 of them. Found in volume 15,291 (available at govinfo). The Legislature then came back into session to consider impeachment, an attempt Ferguson immediately condemned. Elected in 1914 and re-elected in 1916, he faced 21 articles of impeachment and resigned during the trial in the Senate on September 24, 1917, one day before the Senate voted to remove him from office and disqualify him from holding office again. During the events that led up to the final quarrel, the University of Texas Board of Regents had repeatedly refused to remove certain faculty members whom Ferguson found objectionable. She even used the word Christian in the law, implying that Christian forgiveness was appropriate here. James Edward (Pa) Ferguson (1871-1944), Texas governor, son of James Edward and Fannie (Fitzpatrick) Ferguson, was born on August 31, 1871, near Salado, Bell County, Texas. FERGUSON IMPEACHMENT FERGUSON IMPEACHMENT. 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