1928 Spennymoor Golf Club opened at North Close. Known to have manufactured .303 cartridges in: MH Small Arms Ammunition Factory No 3, Hendon, AUSTRALIA. A or AI Artillerie Inrichtingen, Hembrug, NETHERLANDS. MJ Small Arms Ammunition Factory No 4, Hendon, AUSTRALIA. The manufacturing departments, namely the Royal Arsenal at Woolwich, the Royal Gunpowder Factory at Waltham Abbey and the Royal Small Arms Factory (Enfield), were transferred to the War Office. In 1918 this factory was capable of producing at the rate of about 10 million rounds per month. Between 1988 and 1992 the Gordon Street factory used the monogram AFF. Initial Radway Green production used a single arrow as the headstamp code and this was replaced in 1942 by the RG code. Johnson, who made a fortune out of it. Known to have produced 7.7 x 56R ball cartridges, which are interchangeable with the .303 cartridge. Known to have produced .303 ball cartridges, A.VIS Atelier de Fabrication de Vincinnes, FRANCE. do not work properly without it enabled. Manufactured .303 cartridges from 1915 1918 in: Incendiary Buckingham (VII.B), B Mk 1, B Mk 2Z, SAAF Small Arms Factory Footscray, AUSTRALIA. Durham Light Infantry Brigade had lots of men from Spennymoor were sent to Oxford to train for overseas, they were billeted in a brewery in Nook Norton. This factory was set up as part of the 1939-45 war emergency expansion plan. V.E.Day. Population 22,000. The round nose bullet form of the Black Powder Mark 1 and 2 and of the Cordite Mark 1 and 2 were felt by many servicemen to have less man stopping effect than the old lead .45 inch Martini bullet, the predecessor in service of the .303 cartridge. Its largest division was ammunition followed by tanks and fighting vehicles, which had factories at Leeds and Nottingham[8]. These factories were given the designation Royal Ordnance Factories (ROF). This factory was set up as part of the 1939-45 war emergency plans and produced its first complete .303 rounds in October 1940. RNRA Rhodesia National Rifle Association. T = Tikkakoski Arsenal - Finland. Modern Spennymoor was built on mining and has its origins with the sinking of the Wittered pit in 1839. Temple, Collectors Cartridge Catalogue No 29 by Conjay Arms Company Ltd, Whitneys Heritage, A Study of Cartridges Manufactured by The Colonial Ammunition Company in New Zealand. Known to have manufactured nitro-cellulose loaded .303 cartridges in: Ball, L1A1 to British Government contract(1982-85). All these villages had common rights on the moor but, as it became denuded by increasing flocks, some of the local people were induced to relinquish their rights and so, gradually, the common became the property of just one owner Merrington Priory. The Spennymoor Ammunition was filled at the Royal Ordnance Factory, Aycliffe, Durham. Small Arms Ammunition - This type of factory was, in essence, an Engineering factory which specialised in the production of small arms shell casings. Engineering - This type of factory produced bomb and shell casings and other metal-based components for all types of munitions. Some of the largest horse-race meetings in the North took place on the moor, and miners and their families attended in all their holiday splendour. The origin of the name remains somewhat uncertain some believe it to be derived from the Latin Spina which means a thorn (possibly from the Roman influence at Binchester) and Mor which was the Anglo-Saxon word for a moor. I remember lads coming home from Dunkirk, I helped WRVS to feed and sew stripes on their clothes. Following experimentation to increase the effectiveness of the ball cartridge the British Government adopted a 215 grain cupro-nickle jacketed hollow pointed bullet in 1897 as the Cartridge S.A. Ball .303 inch Cordite Mark III. Later, Binchester became one of the vills of the Earl of Northumberland who held it until 1420 when it passed to the Nevilles who finally forfeited it with other lands in 1569. My brother-in-law was taken prisoner in Italy. The three historic state-controlled munitions factories at Woolwich, Enfield, and Waltham Abbey were taken over as National Factories were controlled by the Army Board at the outbreak of the war, under the Master General of the Ordnance. M Nobel Explosives Ltd., Manchester, UNITED KINGDOM. Former Essoldo/Tivoli cinema building destroyed by fire. Known to have produced nitro-cellulose loaded .303 cartridges in: y Toyokawa Naval Arsenal, JAPAN. I worked at the Royal Ordnance factory at Spennymoor. In 1963 too there came the first private building developments to take place since back in the days of the 19th century colliery owners. This was confirmed by experience gained in the Chitral and Tirah expeditions of 1897/98 on the North West Frontier of India where the round nose ball round compared poorly against the .303 inch Dum Dum rounds specially issued in 1897. In 1938 the .303 Mark VIIIZ round was approved to obtain greater effective range from the Vickers Medium Machine Gun. 5. A A On cartridges c 1917 indicated a Pomeroy explosive incendiary Mk 2 bullet, C on early pre 1912 cartridges denoted a Cordite propellant charge, K On cartridges c 1918 indicated a Brock explosive incendiary bullet, Z indicated a nitro-cellulose propellant charge in the cartridge. However, as always in industrial life, boom was followed by bust or near bust, and by 1879 miners wages were down to 4s 9d a day and those of ironworkers to a mere 3s a day. Later, effective tracer and incendiary composition operations were also carried out at Witton. We had workers playtime during our half hour break. Although the United States of America did not officially adopt a .303 rifle, it did produce, under the Lend Lease scheme of World War 2, nearly a third of the wartime production of No 4 rifles used by British troops. The main factor was the opening in 1941 of a Royal Ordnance Factory at Merrington Lane and since then this estate has provided a constant source of alternative employment to the coal industry. Known to have produced nitro-cellulose loaded .303 cartridges in: Cartridge Rifle Grenade, H Mk 7Z, M11 and M12, FNM Fabrica Nacional de Municoes e Armas Legeiras, Moscavide, PORTUGAL. These men, early industrial workers, wore their hair long and on these gala days it flowed freely over their shoulders instead of, as usually was the case, being tied in curls. Wesleyan Church opened. 1962 Pavilions added to Merrington Lane playing fields. 1904 Tudhoe Rugby Club defunct. WCC Western Cartridge Co., East Alton, Ill., UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. During WW1 Greenwood & Batley are known to have produced in excess of 705 million .303 Mk 7 cartridges. This round had a muzzle velocity of 1830 feet per second and a chamber pressure of about 19 tons per square inch. After ROF I worked for C.I.E.M.E. Even before the big coal strike of 1926 the collieries had begun to close. Known to have produced .303 cartridges in 1942 only. Known to have produced .303 cartridges in: Armour Piercing W Mk 1 and W Mk 1 Special. Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. US Lend Lease production for the UK was 1,196,706 No 4 rifles whereas the total British wartime production of this rifle was 2,021,913. Similar jacketed hollow point bullets were used in the Mark IV and V rounds. Butchers Race, one of the Five Lanes which meet at Tudhoe Crossroads, was so named after this foray. This web publication contains 147,919 pages of 1886 The Sparkbrook factory of the National Arms and Ammunition Co was sold to the government[2] in order to secure the production of small arms. 1986 Tudhoe Community Centre built. SR = Royal Ordnance Factory - Spennymoor, United Kingdom. Royal Ordnance Factory. Custom was when the boys used these parachutes successfully it was usual for them to send a letter of thanks and a present to whoever had packed the parachute as the girls would have their name and address inside the package. MW Small Arms Ammunition Factory No 6, Welchpool, AUSTRALIA. My thanks to John Kindred for clarification on the monograms used on Australian small arms ammunition. The Captain without thinking shouted 'shoot the bugger' and this is what the lads did and were in serious trouble. The back streets stand deep in filth and mud. Penny Rate Product 303. Despite the high levels of unemployment, the housing situation at last took an upturn in the 1930s when the Urban District Council began to use its wider powers to take action on unfit houses. 1954 Middlestone Moor housing estate commenced. Known to have produced .303 cartridges in: Armour Piercing W Mk 1, W Mk 1 Special and W Mk 1Z, Cartridge Rifle Grenade, Cordite H Mk 2, H Mk 4 and H Mk 4Z, Incendiary B Mk 6, B Mk 6Z, B Mk 7 and B Mk 7Z. It is known to have manufactured .303 cartridges in: Cartridge Rifle Grenade, Cordite H Mk 3 and H Mk 5. 17. P or PC Peters Cartridge Co., Kings Mills, Ohio, UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 1930 New Tivoli cinema opened at a cost of 15,000. To see the The one good road was maintained by tolls collected at turnpike gates. El Alamein. Initially ICI Ltd were to have operated this plant but they were advised in 1940 of the change in plans and the factory was run as a Royal Ordnance Factory by the Ministry of Supply. 2003 Spennymoor Cemetery Memorial Garden officially opened. Mr Hosie who was chauffeur for ROF at the time was our driver. 1971 New sewage plant built at Tudhoe Mill. In addition there was a filling area not far away in the vicinity of Abbey Wood. Royal Ordnance, including the Royal Ordnance Factories, makers of guns, ammunition and explosives. 1987 Middlestone Moor Community Centre extended. information and 233,587 images on early companies, their products and the This mark of bullet remained the standard ball round for the remainder of the .303 cartridges service life. Known to have produced .303 cartridges in: DC Defence Industries, Brownsburgh, Quebec, CANADA. DC Dominion Cartridge Company which later became the Dominion Ammunition Division of Canadian Industries Ltd. Troubled Years In 1918 this factory had the capacity to produce about 5.4 million rounds per month. 1987 Town wins National Allotment Society Waterlow Trophy. Low Spennymoor houses cleared. There was no production of .303 ammunition in 1961. By Barry W. Gracia, An extensive website on the Vickers machine gun, Harrington Aviation Museum DropZone Newsletter, Identification Manuals Nos 1, 2, 3, and 4 on the .303 British Service Cartridge. Known to have produced .303 cartridges in: KF or K Indian Government Ammunition Factory Kirkee (or Kirkee Arsenal), near Poona, INDIA. Kirk Merrington football field refurbished. Manufactured .303 cartridges with this headstamp March 1925 to April 1926. This factory manufactured cartridges for use by the British Army in India as well as the Indian Army. UT = Utah Ordnance Plant - Salt Lake City, Utah. Known to have produced 7.7 x 56R ball cartridges which are interchangeable with the .303 cartridge. This cartridge is interchangeable with the .303 British cartridge. The company was formed in the early 1890s having acquired the Holford Works of the National Arms and Ammunition Company and was in existence for only a short time. More than 17,000 women worked at the factory, and Ms Scott said . U or SAM South African Mint, Pretoria, SOUTH AFRICA. 1942 Both pilots killed when two Hawker Hurricane aircraft collided and crashed at Tudhoe. Her advance guards clashed with some of Douglas men near Ferryhill and chased them back to the bridge at Croxdale (Sunderland Bridge). Beretta Group owns now the Tikka arms brand. 1968 Bessemer Park Housing commenced (1,009 houses). Quarter inch green band Canadian made tracer, Wide green band at equator of case Canadian made Match Ball (1922), Six purple bands around equator of case Canadian Match Ball (1926), Ball round with case blackened quarter inch back from the mouth Short Range Practice Mk 1 (1895 1897), or Mk 2 (1899 1912), Case completely blackened with brass dummy bullet Blank with mock bullet Mk 6, Blank case all black Rifle grenade blank Mk 2, Blank, front half black Rifle Grenade, Ballistite, Blank, front and rear thirds black Rifle grenade Mk 4 for Grenade No 85, Blank, rear half black Rifle grenade blank Mk 7z or Smoke discharger Mk 1T, Ball, reddened case Proof round Mks 1 to 3. The run-down of the mining industry, however, was nevertheless a serious blow. We sometimes danced and had concerts given by our work mates. Known to have manufactured nitro-cellulose loaded .303 ball cartridges for export pre 1939. Archive List > United Kingdom > Wearside and County Durham, Submitted by Christine Rome at Spennymoor Library on behalf of Elizabeth Hodgson (ne Monaghan). The latter resulted in colliery workers houses springing up on the main Durham road. We had stirrup pumps to put out fires from Incendiary Bombs. asked the Minister of War Transport (1) whether he will provide omnibus facilities to enable girls to travel from Ferryhill and Merrington to the Royal Ordnance factory at Spennymoor in time to commence work at 7.30 a.m., and an omnibus service back to Ferryhill at 5 p.m.; In addition to colour coding, British and Commonwealth .303 ammunition had a letter code pre 1955 to denote the type of bullet as well as the type of propellant charge. Over the next 2 years about 40000 was invested in re-equipping the factory[3]. Known to have produced nitro-cellulose loaded .303 cartridges: Ball, Mk 7 for 1914 1917 military contracts, Ball, Mk 7Z ( American WW2 Contract Pattern ). Known to have produced .303 cartridges in: (The metal components for these rounds were manufactured by MH and MJ at Hendon). This is a list of Royal Ordnance Factories . Monogram in use 1941 1945. 1942 1942 1943 1944 Tikkakoski Arsenal - Finland Tikkakoski was the first private arms manufacturer in Finland. Spennymoor, United Kingdom (1913-1945). The Mark VI round was introduced in 1904 with a 215 grain jacketed round nosed bullet similar to the Mark II bullet but with a thinner jacket. The ROF Regiment were stationed in Spennymoor factory under the leadership of Captain Calderbank. A National School was built and opened in 1841; St.Pauls Church was built at Spennymoor in 1858 and all through these formative years the Non-conformist churches combined welfare work with prayer. The production of these raw materials at Coulsons engineering works, Kenmirs furniture factory and newly-opened brickworks at Todhills were the main, if limited, sources of employment.Unemployment was over 33%. 1858 Page Bank Colliery disaster 10 miners killed. When, in 1894, Spennymoor and its adjacent villages achieved a measure of self government on the Spennymoor Urban District Council, the new authority found itself facing a legacy of poor housing. 1996 Tony Blair, M.P., opens the new Page Bankroad bridge. The name Binchester is the usual Saxon corruption or adaptation of the Roman site name. DAL or LAC Dominion Arsenal, Lindsay, Ontario, CANADA. The town of Spennymoor, and the villages of Byers Green, Kirk Merrington and Tudhoe, are in the North East of England, situated on high land above the south side of the Wear Valley between the City of Durham and Bishop Auckland. The greatest project came with the development of the Tudhoe ironworks site 70 acres that was turned into the Bessemer Park Housing Estate. Known to have produced nitro-cellulose loaded .303 cartridges in: 180 & 215 gr jacketed soft point sporting ammunition, RR or RRCO Ross Rifle Co, Montreal, CANADA. UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Used the same annulus colour coding as United Kingdom for ammunition supplied under contract to the British Government during both the First and Second World Wars. Town wins Northumbria in Bloom (Town Section). Royal Powder Mill Factory No 31. You appear to have JavaScript disabled in your browser settings. A new 3-bedroom semi cost 3,375 to buy on private housing estate. This factory was part of the 1939-45 war emergency expansion plan. In 1963 changes were indicated and Durham County Council and then then Ministry of Housing and Local Government agreed that Spennymoor should be a new growth point and that town centre redevelopment should take place; that the Tudhoe ironworks site should be reclaimed; that a major highway scheme should be put into hand; that the Royal Ordnance Factory Industrial Estate should be extended and that the Green Lane Industrial Estate should be developed. IS - Royal Ordnance Pension Scheme - 2022. Known to have produced .303 ball cartridges during 1988. B,J,M or N Birmingham Metal and Munitions Co Ltd., Birmingham, UNITED KINGDOM. 1985 Victoria Jubilee Park purchased by the Town Council. Known to have produced .303 cartridges during the period 1940 1944 in: C-P Crompton Parkinson Ltd, Doncaster, Yorkshire, UNITED KINGDOM. 1918 World War l ended in victory for the Allies. public. Spennymoor, United Kingdom (1913-1945). information and 237,145 images on early companies, their products and the In addition to these plants the original cap production was maintained at Witton. This round had a nitro-cellulose powder charge with a 175 grain boat tailed, streamline, jacketed bullet having a muzzle velocity of 2550 feet per second. Types of Royal Ordnance Factories (ROFs) 1. WRA = Winchester Repeating Arms - New Haven, Connecticut. This company was formed in 1890 at Kings Norton, it owned its own rolling mills and had a loading plant at Abbey wood in Kent. They are known to have manufactured .303 cartridges in: GA Grenfell and Accles Ltd, Perry Barr, Birmingham, UNITED KINGDOM. We were then introduced to a number of Canadian boys. U = Utah Ordnance Plant - Salt Lake City, Utah. Lost in the Blackout. 11. Royal Ordnance Factories were for explosives manufacture, filling of munitions and engineering. Known to have produced nitro-cellulose loaded .303 Ball cartridges, VIS Atelier de Chargement de Vincennes, FRANCE. 1871 Tower Brewery built at Tudhoe Grange. We were also allowed inside a Halifax Bomber and according to a map we flew all over Darlington and Durham. 1906 Birmingham Small Arms Co took over the Royal Small Arms Factory at Sparkbrook[5]. The propellant interests being concentrated mainly at Ardeer within the Nobel Division of ICI. 1891 Whitworth Hall restored after fire of 1877. 10. My Father worked at the factory. The moor itself comes into the record in 1615 as the result of a general muster on the moor of all men able to bear arms within the bishopric, between the ages of 15 and 60; the gathering amounted to 8,320 (Fordyce). 1940 German H.E. Three closed in 1924 and the strike saw another two fail. this was examining and weighing capsules to be used in Burma for killing mosquitoes and fleas. During the battle, the prior from Durham and his monks knelt on a little hillock in the Shaw Wood and prayed for an English victory while holding aloft, impaled on a spear, the Holy Corporax Cloth from the Cathedral. PMP Pretoria Metal Pressings (Pty) Ltd., Pretoria, SOUTH AFRICA. 1855 The Ordnance Office was dissolved in 1855. manufacturing in Britain. ROF Aycliffe; Filling Factory No. This factory was built in 1916 and was administered on behalf of the Government by the Birmingham Metal and Munitions Co. .303 cartridge production started in early 1918 and continued until late 1918 when the factory ceased production altogether. Penny Rate Product 23,000. The following .303 cartridges are known to have been produced since 1889: Armour Piercing Mks VII.S, VII.P, VII.PZ, VII.W, VII.WZ, W Mk 1, Ball, Cordite Mks 1, 2, 2*, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7, Ball, Nitro-cellulose Mks 7z, 8z & 7z RC ( reduced charge ), Ball, Short Range Practice, Cordite Mks 1,2,3 and 4, Cartridge Rifle Grenade, Cordite Mks 1 and 2, Cartridge Discharger, Blackpowder E Mk 1T, Drill D Mk 6, D Mk 6*, D Mk 7, D Mk 8 and D Mk 9, Explosive R Mk 1, R Mk 2, R Mk 3, and R Mk 3*. MQ Small Arms Ammunition Factory No 5, Rocklea, AUSTRALIA. The arms factory was closed in 1987. Population 16,369. 1877 New iron Railway Bridge replaced the old wooden Bridge over the High Street. In 1420 the Manor of Whitworth and much of the other land in the vicinity, from Raby to Brancepeth, and including Old Park, Byers Green, Newfield and Tudhoe, became Neville property, and the Earl of Westmorland (a Neville) was granted a licence from Bishop Langley to impark 40 acres at Whitworth, and so began the Whitworth park of today. Up to 1800 the moor remained largely barren and the few roads across it were dangerous. BPD Bombrini, Parodi et Delfino, Rome ITALY. During the period ending with the 1914-18 war Kynoch, which by then was the largest of the British commercial ammunition manufacturers, owned rolling mills at Witton; at Lodge Road, Birmingham and at Eyre Street, Birmingham. Nevertheless, the situation remained bad and there were still far too many damp, badly lit and ventilated houses opening onto small paved yards or back streets. CHINA is known to have produced some 7.7mm rimmed ammunition for use in captured Japanese machine guns from 1945 onwards. The arms factory was closed in 1987. Spennymoor was ringed with collieries, black furnaces and coke ovens and the new prosperity showed itself in the building of better houses and in the opening of Co-operative stores. Royal Small Arms Factory Enfield Factory No 2. Known to have produced nitro-cellulose loaded 7.7 x 56R ball ammunition which is interchangeable with the .303 cartridges. Cartridges known to have been manufactured in: MEN Maschinenfabrik Elisenhutte, Nassau, WEST GERMANY. SR = Royal Ordnance Factory - Spennymoor, United Kingdom. 1939 Outbreak of World War II. Known to have produced .303 cartridges in: Ball, Nitro-cellulose Mk 7 ( Canadian WW1 contract pattern ) 1914-16, Ball, Nitro-cellulose Mk 7Z ( Canadian Pattern ), Tracer G Mk 2Z, G Mk 4Z ( Canadian Pattern ). It was originally built by the Normans and its splendid strategic position led to it being fortified in 1143 by the Scots intruder, William Cumyn. TW = Twin Cities Ordnance Plant - Minneapolis, Minnesota. 1916 Town Hall built at a cost of 18,000. The first coal from Merrington Colliery was brought up in 1841; a pit with a chequered career which only prospered under the partnership of L.M Reay and R.S. ROF Swynnerton; Filling Factory No. ROF Aycliffe; Filling Factory No. The headstamp code B denoting the manufacturer should not be confused with B as in BVIIZ which indicates incendiary ammunition. During WW1 Eley produced in excess of 209 Million .303 Mk 7 cartridges. Mr. Leslie. Manufactured .303 cartridges with this headstamp January 1924 to February 1925. When U used with a diamond this indicates manufacture in a subsidiary factory at Kimberley. These appalling conditions continued into the 20th century and even by 1920 less than 10% of the town houses had water closets. Fortune out of it Lend Lease production for the UK was 1,196,706 No 4 whereas. 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