The environmental problem of this practice is that the sand dumped by the shore smothers plants and animals around the area and changes the coast from a marshy to a sandy area. Narrating their ordeal to Premium Times last year, the residents whose hope of economic survival has been tampered with, have tales of woe to tell concerning their awful experience. Agricultural activities such as rice paddies and aquaculture are embarked upon in swampy coastal locations [14]. Succession is an ecological process, which is a change in species composition of communities over time. It is a system where plants and animals have advantage in reserved area. Land reclamation is gradually posing negative impact on man due to unplanned urbanization. Gracefield Island is another new joint project between the Lagos state government and Gravitas Investment Limited and it is expected to cover 100 hectares of land of the Lagos lagoon at the Northern end of the Chevron Way and the Northern Offshore of the Ajiran Land. Like other Atlantic Cities in some parts of the world, Eko Atlantic is constructed to be a citadel of infrastructural development because it is designed to create over 250,000 new jobs and address housing deficit. Before coastal lands are to be acquired proper environmental impact assessment (EIA) studies need to be conducted to develop proper management plan aimed at forestalling loss and extinction of common and rare species. Oil and gas exploration is the main exploratory activity that occurs in the Niger Delta region. According to him, the ideal way is for the Ministries of Waterfront Infrastructure Development and Physical Planning and Urban Development to lead a Lagos Lagoon Management Plan, a 30-year master plan that will detail the usage, preservation and envision what Lagos Lagoon will look like in the next three decades. Examples of Land Reclamation The business district of Cebu City in the Philippines, Most of the coastline of the bustling Indian city of Mumbai, the Barceloneta area in Barcelona, Spain and Battery Park City in Manhattan, New York are all prominent examples of reclaimed land. The country features 36 states and its Federal Capital Territory, which is known as Abuja.The country of Nigeria features over five hundred different ethnic groups, many different languages, and declared its independence from the United Kingdom on October 1, 1960. Two major activities that devastate coastal areas are sand mining and off-shore dredging. This is because their adventitious root system traps sediments during tidal flow, and accumulate it over a long period of time. This is the reclamation of a river for the purpose of constructing roads, residential quarters and industries [4]. As a result, offshore systems such as coral reefs and eel grass beds are readily degraded. This could lead to the death of soil dwelling organisms. In the same vein, birds feed and nest in the dense foliage. We are a community of more than 103,000 authors and editors from 3,291 institutions spanning 160 countries, including Nobel Prize winners and some of the worlds most-cited researchers. But when it becomes rampant and reckless, the people must resist it because usurping natural settings could be disastrous in the long run, he said. Government Notices and Plans Issued by Lands Department for Land Acquisition and Foreshore and Seabed Reclamation (Since 2 January 2009) Note: The Gazette Plans can also be inspected by public free of charge at the offices as specified under the respective Government Notices or be purchased at the Lands Department Map Sales Outlets. An example is a nipa palm invaded area. Despite the negative consequences of coastal land reclamation to aquatic species, it can add some economic value if used for non-intrusive agricultural activities. . Therefore, the best option is to remediate it so that it will carry out its ecological functions even if it results to another landform. Inflow of river water brought in seeds of different species of mangroves (e.g. Minna. Its based on principles of collaboration, unobstructed discovery, and, most importantly, scientific progression. The water channel has to be set up to facilitate interconnectivity. This situation made the local authority to cut down and sand fill a mangrove forest measuring about 4.2 million m2 in 1984 (Figure 2). These activities are economically beneficial to farmers, but inimical to the environment. The land reclaimed is known as reclamation ground or land fill . Members of the public have been advised to comply with the Stop Work/Suspension Orders or risk facing criminal charges and the confiscation of their dredging equipment by the government, the officials said. Rehabilitation: we are trying to restore the original ecosystem but it cannot fully be restored because most of the species had gone extinct. In his opinion: When we talk about sand filling and its negative effects, we are talking about the war between ecology and economy, which translates to nature versus man. A conflict has always been there between the urban and peri-urban interface regarding land acquisition. Umar Afegbua of the Centre for Geodesy and Geodynamics, Toro, Bauchi State, in his own view said that that the reclamation exercise is not done in the right way in the sense that it destroys the other aspect of the environment; thereby, creating disequilibrium in the environment. It also deepens the sea bed, which affects the water level. Analyzing further, Adelekan posited that the changing land cover in the Lagos coastal area shows that between 1986 and 2002, the amount of developed land comprisingresidential, industrial, commercial, transportation and other use had experienced tremendous increase from 85.4 square kilometres (43.36per cent) to 111.9 square kilometres (56.8per cent). In July 2000, Nigeria's population was estimated at more than 123 million people. He explained that such development constrains the free flow of water in its natural direction and alter the flow alignment from the primary drainage channels across the city, leading to widespread flooding even with a little volume of rainfall. Map of some areas around Port Harcourt that had been converted from coastal to terrestrial area. By, this, the land reclaimed is therefore known as reclamation ground or land fill. Sand mines are often abandoned after some years of operation. Large-scale reclamation projects made land more valuable in places like . Answer this Land reclamation involves developing and implementing a reclamation plan that considers and . The felling of trees and the uprooting of their stumps leads to soil fragmentation. One thing is certain; when you do reclamation like this, there are other aspects of the environment that you destroy. Land reclamation is also known as land fill, it is the process of creating new land from ocean, riverbeds or lake beds. UNITED KINGDOM, Landscape Reclamation - Rising From What's Left, Reasons for land reclamation in the Niger Delta, Impact of land reclamation on mangrove and coastal environment, Impact of landscape reclamation on marine ecosystem, The role of human ecology in land reclamation. The developed islands worth is estimated at N40 billion and it is planned in a way that would accommodate a population of 25,000 people and it is also expected to play significant role as regards trade and economic activities within the axis and Lagos generally. Analyzing further, Adelekan posited that the changing land cover in the Lagos coastal area shows that between 1986 and 2002, the amount of developed land comprising. It is the forceful or legal takeover of coastal area by individuals or government officials. Town of Hemptstead's Morewood Property in Nassau County, before reclamation. Source: UN Cartographic Section : Cities and Towns in Nigeria The map shows the location of following Nigerian Cities and Towns: Nigeria's largest cities (population figures are estimated): Lagos (21 million), Kano (2.5 - 3 million), Ibadan (3.2 million), Abuja Other Cities and Towns in Nigeria: According to Wikipedia, land reclamation (land fill) is a process of creating new land from ocean, riverbeds, or lake beds. Advertisement The tender for the. I have this example for you. Diamond Island is also seen as a cradle of commercial activities because the plots of lands there are available and meant for commercial, industrial and also residential activities. Almost every coastal area in the Niger Delta has had one abandoned project or the other, one of which is sand dump. The way the practice is being done in Nigeria encourages subsidence along the coast. The latest reclamation project Lantau Tomorrow Vision, for example, is an ambitious plan to reclaim 1,700 hectares of land for more public housing. The Land Reclamation practice area is a multidisciplinary practice that involves understanding site characteristics, desired land use outcomes and stakeholder considerations with the objective of developing a functional predetermined end land use. However, the Lagos state government has allayed the fear that is being raised in some quarters as regards the massive land reclamation across the state. Restoration: it is the attempt to fully restore the original ecosystem. Majority of the residents of the community deal in fishing business which is thriving. In the course of this period a small outlet was created by the side of the sand filled area, which allowed the entry of river water into the sand filled area during high tide. mangrove wetlands. Coastal area is in serious danger from land reclamation in the Niger Delta, Nigeria. Presence of sediments leads to the gradual formation of terrestrial areas, which becomes the habitat for plants. For instance, The United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-Habitat), in its article that x-rayed condition of the world cities titled Cities at Risk from Rising Sea Levels categorises Lagos as one of 50 cities most exposed to extreme sea levels. This affects the survival of soil-dwelling organisms by increasing the acidity and alkalinity of the soil. Nevertheless, land utilization is influenced by nature and characteristics of soil, soil moisture and temperature, topography and land location, flora, fauna and climate. Crude oil pipeline and well head situated in reclaimed coastal area in the Niger Delta, Nigeria. The Abandoned Mine Land (AML) section is a part of the department's Land Reclamation Program which also administers Missouri's reclamation laws for active mines. Such administrative control of the land by the chief is referred to by The two aforementioned ordinances provided the template that gave rise to massive land reclamation in Lagos. This situation affects the fish survival and population. The conversion of a coastal environment to a terrestrial environment is absolute and cannot be reversed. Highly placed individuals prefer constructing their houses along coastal areas. Abuja, a planned city in the centre of the country, has been the official capital of Nigeria since 1991, although some government offices remain in Lagos, the former capital. The scouring of the river bottom crushes and destroys a lot of organisms such as shell and non-shell fish community in that location. These areas dominate the hinter land and are often reclaimed and sand filled to expand their economic potential. The city was the capital of Nigeria between 1960 and 1975. Increased turbidity leads to the blockage of light beyond water surface, thus hampering photosynthetic activities below the water surface such as the benthic region. The Missouri Department of Natural Resources is the administrative authority working through the Missouri Mining Commission. Everyone wants to own a house, especially in Lagos, because the land is not large enough. But in most cases no proper EIA or landscape assessment is carried out [5]. London, SW7 2QJ, A future gas plant is to be located at the beach adjacent to Edko Town in the eastern part of Abu Qir Bay. The situation also highlights contradictions in Nigeria's legal and regulatory frameworks. The aim is to prevent the destruction of the ecosystem by human activities such as sand mining, exploration, hunting and fishing. Nigeria has a total of 36 states, and 774 Local Government Areas that are spread across the 39th most populous country in the world. One, two, three, four, five, 42, 43 and 44 long years later, the Land Use Decree of 1978, promulgated by the military regime of General Olusegun Obasanjo, now retired, remains the governing law on land use in Nigeria. Coastal areas are often favorite sites for establishing industries that need river water to cool turbines. Orange Island is another reclaimed island that covers about 150 hectares of land and is located within the Lekki axis in Lagos. It is often considered in places that are densely populated and flat land is scarce. The next kind of management is human management [19]. Israeli police clashed Wednesday with protesters rallying against the government's judicial reform programme which critics say threatens democracy, as lawmakers held a preliminary vote on the latest controversial bill. There are also some burrowing organisms that dig into shore sand. Write CSS OR LESS and hit save. In October 2021, DEC prepared, . You set a kind of disequilibrium in the environment. Thus, village land would be held in trust and apportioned by the chief. This means areas that had been cleared and sand filled could be opened up again to be interconnected with the river, so that it will gradually become alive and revert to its original form [11]. Also the Project Director, Arctic Infrastructure (AI), Mr. Lookman Oshodi, observed that in a city like Lagos where the per square kilometre of land available to a resident is relatively small, physical development is in spread form and cohesive approach to organise the city is not adequate, leading to competition over space which gives the outlook of the winner takes all. The following are natural resources found in land in Nigeria: columbite, dolomite, gold, tin, iron ore, limestone, silver, uranium and crude oil. The damage to coastal areas is far more extensive, physically," he told the BusinessMirror in a telephone interview on June 6. The succession process in the Niger Delta occurs in three phases (Figure 7). If done in an organised manner, I believe nobody will complain. Ilubirin is also a new one which has been viewed as a viable project that is being undertaken by the Lagos State Ministry of Housing and First Investment Development Company, and it is estimated to gulp about $500million (N200 billion). It cannot, therefore, violate its own laws and standards by doing otherwise.. Farms are generally small and scattered and use simple tools and shifting cultivation. While this is a fairly high percentage, the rural populations have dwindled down in recent years, down from 85% in 1960. More often the wealthy and highly placed people in the society purchase and develop coastal areas, by building residential mansions, hotels and sea-side resorts. In a natural seedling recruitment, after a disturbance event the first set of species that settle and colonize an area are the pioneer species. Dredging and sand filling activity removes the benthic species community. Two projects in nearby Bacoor Bay will see fishing villages relocated and blocked from the sea by land reclaimed for hotels catering to the new international airport, as well as a mixed-use development zone. This is because of land expansion activities such as urban development. The government sometimes forcefully acquires coastal areas from the native community, remove the mangrove forest and sand fill the area in other to establish projects beneficial to the public. Largest cities in Nigeria in 2022 (in 1,000 individuals) Number of inhabitants in thousands Lagos Kano Ibadan Port Harcourt Benin City Kaduna Abuja Maiduguri Zaria Aba Jos Ilorin Oyo Enugu. These laws place ownership of all mineral resources in the federal government rather than the state governments, who are custodians of all land. Books > Probably half of The Netherlands is a reclaimed land from the sea. Homogeneous ideals such as customs, educational goals, and occupational goals all make up segregation. It is a strategy for protecting or restoring the function, structure and species composition of an ecosystem while providing for its sustainable socioeconomic use. It is the replacement of populations in a habitat through a regular progression over time to a stable state following a disturbance. The suggested solution to revert an already devastated area is by applying natural and human mediated ecological principles to facilitate land and coastal recovery [20]. What is happening in Lagos should not be different. Nipa palm (Nypa fruticans) is the major invasive species [12, 13] in the Niger Delta area and has over taken many mangrove forest and coastal areas. Globally, half of the world mangroves have been destroyed [16] as people have reclaimed those areas as a result of coastal development. Areas close to the shore are also sand filled to connect bridges. The sand filled area became the dumping ground for sand, where trucks evacuated the sand to buyers. How? Ben Ayade for allowing a level playing field at the Cross River North senatorial election of Feb. 25. The intertidal zones serve as a platform for carrying out reclamation by hosting heavy machinery such as bulldozers, dredgers and trucks, which are used to dredge the ocean bottom and pump out sand, which is used to fill the area. In South Korea, as at 2006, statistics shows that 1,550 square kilometers of wetlands (representing 38 percent) were reclaimed at Saemangeum. Sand mining is also done with more sophisticated machines, where pumps are used to convey sand from the bottom of the river unto land via long pipes. Concrete bases are constructed on this platform to carry the pipes from the drilling point, which may be at an off-shore or on-shore site to the refinery. Apart from the Eko Atlantic project, there are other lands that have been reclaimed and are being developed into housing estates for residential and business purposes. 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