Why do cats love bacon so much? How Much to Feed: Supplemental Of course, standard bacon is pork-based, but turkey bacon will contain a much lower fat content because turkey is such a lean meat. It should remain just thata treatfor cats, though. Nous, Yahoo, faisons partie de la famille de marques Yahoo. Eating meat is programmed into their DNA and has been fed by thousands of years of evolution. In terms of your cats health, bacon-flavored products have a distinct advantage over bacon-flavored foods. Too much fat can lead to pancreatitis in cats, and too much salt can cause dehydration. The quick answer: Yes, cats can eat bacon sparingly, but it is not recommended to feed bacon to your cat regularly. The amount of fat you feed your cat on a daily basis is wildly unhealthy, especially for a small body. Feeding your cat bacon is fine as long as you dont overdo it. These might sound like great benefits, but for cats, the nutritional downsides of bacon are far more significant. Its not healthy in any way, but a small piece as an occasional treat will not harm your kit. Some people claim that their favourite meat is raw meat. If you must offer them a piece of bacon, tear off a tiny piece of a slice that has been fully cooked. Its a very popular food and cats like it too! WebYes, cats can eat bacon, but they shouldnt. Ive even caught her stealing bacon off my plate when Im not looking! She loves to write and wants to empower owners to make the best decisions for their pets by giving them all the information they need. This high-fat content can cause digestive stress in your cats tiny body. So, can cats eat bacon? All types of bacon, whether turkey or not, can be harmful to your cat, because they contain a lot of grease and sodium. It is common knowledge that bacon is a salty food part of why it is so appealing. box-shadow: 0px 10px 20px rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.07); Related reading: How To Choose Cat Food? Although bacon is not toxic to your furry family member, it may still be a health risk. Cats Can Eat Bacon as a Regular Treat? Feline nutrition is a careful balance of the vitamins, carbs, and healthy fats that cats need to grow and thrive. This is animal protein, so kitties will be attracted to the smell and taste, but this is not the high-quality kind of animal protein that felines need. A small piece of cooked bacon is not harmful to your cat. Fatty foods do not promote good digestion in cats, and eating foods high in saturated fats can cause digestive stress. Chantelle is passionate about two things in her life writing and animals. Bacon is not toxic to cats, so a small piece wont harm them. These come in catnip only, as well as protein and catnip. In a lot of cases, too much bacon can damage their organs. She grew up on the prairies in Canada surrounded by animals. When administering pills in your cats meals, you can add bacon to the mix so theyll consume the pills hidden in the cat food also. We all can agree that bacon is delicious, salty, crunchy, and one of the best parts about Sunday brunch. If you give your cat some bacon on occasion, it is a good idea to do so. Keep reading to learn more about when its okay to offer bacon to your feline family members. Stay away from the candied bacon, bacon bits, and definitely don't let your cat eat raw bacon. Half a slice of bacon contains nearly five times your cats daily sodium requirement, so too much bacon could even cause salt poisoning. On the plus side, bacon is high in protein, which your cat needs for growth and repairing tissue. As an Amazon Associate we earn from qualifying purchases. Yes, in the strictest sense of the word. Yes. Cats, in collaboration with fuzz and unkempt hair, Thrive. Bacon has a fair amount of protein in it, and cats need all the protein that they can get. Bacon is perfectly safe for cats as long as the servings are small and infrequent and if the cat does not have any underlying medical conditions such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), diabetes, or obesity. Pieces of bacon given as treats would be the best way to regulate their bacon intake. Feeding your cat bacon is fine as long as you dont overdo it. Be careful to not give too much meat because as with anything, your cat can get an upset stomach. So it makes sense to give them that. It is essential to understand that certain human foods should not be given to cats. It contains high levels of chemicals and has been linked to a higher risk of cancer in humans, meaning it certainly is not healthy for our four-legged family members. The answer is yes! A cat can eat bacon at any age. Cats may not view it the same, however. In contrast, one ounce of regular bacon contains around 10-12 grams of fat . Its advised that cats occasionally eat bacon, but in only small doses. If you have any questions, consult your veterinarian, and think about sticking with high-quality cat food. And if not, it's alright, this means more bacon for us! Lets find out why. When you buy via links on our site, we may earn an affiliate commission at no extra cost to you. A single slice of bacon can hold ten times as much salt as a cat should eat in a day, and is loaded with saturated fat, too. A small amount of bacon as a one-off shouldnt harm your cat, though. As a token of gratitude for bacon, of Piglove, we made a snack without meat in honor of his blog hop today. Cat owners always wonder what human foods are safe for their kitties, and bacon is an often asked about subject. Wheat gluten is often used to create meaty chunks in cheaper pet foods, so be on the lookout for that. Additionally, this food is very greasy and can clog up your cats digestive and circulatory systems. Well, the short answer is no, cats shouldnt eat bacon. If you are thinking about the type of meat to feed your cat, it's best to consult with your veterinarian before giving any kind of meat to cats. This is why your cat may go crazy the second they pick up the scent of any raw meat or cooked meat. Bacon in moderate amounts is not toxic to cats and doesnt contain any dangerous compounds, as long as its not highly processed meat. .summary-table .table-item:last-child{ Too much sodium in a cats diet can cause a host of unfortunate symptoms for your kitty like: You may notice the following signs of digestive upset if your cat has eaten bacon: Anyone who thinks dogs are the biggest beggars of food in the pet world clearly hasnt met a cat! position: absolute; If you prepare a small piece of bacon at home, it will not harm your cat; however, take care not to endanger him. These are often made with ingredients that are toxic to animals or high in chemical content. The same is true for bacon grease. The quick answer: Yes, cats can eat bacon sparingly, but it is not recommended to feed bacon to your cat regularly. Cats can eat raw bacon, but only if its fresh and from a clean source like a good butcher. Cats may eat bacon, however, like with other human meals, they should only consume it in moderate amounts. Many cats arent as active as dogs (and other domesticated animals), because they are generally kept indoors, only doing a lot more sleeping than play. Bacon is not toxic to cats, so a small piece wont harm them. Yet, bacon bits have been created artificially. Many people love to eat bacon. For cats, it is recommended that they consume no more than 800 milligrams of sodium per day, but bacon contains approximately 137.4 milligrams of sodium. Signs of digestive issues include soft stools, diarrhea, vomiting, and indigestion. Additionally, cooked meats, without any added ingredients, are also ok. Therefore, if youre thinking of giving your cat a small amount of bacon, it should be cooked bacon rather than raw. It is not harmful to your cat to eat a small amount of bacon as a one-time snack. Dr. Joanna Woodnutt (MRCVS) is a small animal veterinarian and writer who is passionate about helping owners to learn more about their pets in order to improve animal welfare. However, felines should not eat this food. Pepperoni is another example of a cured meat that is not advisable for kitties to consume. A cat overindulging in these fried pork strips will make for an uncomfortable couple of days, but things should pass through and clear up without much trouble. So, catch yourself from feeding your cat a bowl full of bacon for each meal! This educational content is not veterinary advice and does not replace consultation with a qualified veterinarian. Because bacon is not toxic to cats, eating a small piece will not harm them. At Excited Cats, we regularly consult with licensed veterinarians and other industry experts. It is best to consume bacon in small doses, as we do in the human body. Pet treats are available from The Granville Island Pet Treatery. } | Powered by WordPress. While the occasional bite of salty meats will make your purr babys taste buds dance, there are some better and healthier alternatives. Its not proven whether this risk is the same for cats, but it stands to reason. Cats on a food elimination trial. No, this pork cut is not good for cats. The same goes for bacon bits, which you use as salad toppings. Every time I make bacon, she comes running into the kitchen and meows until I give her a piece. Or anything with onion or garlic in it is bad for cats. Its unlikely your cat will experience any of these symptoms from a bite or two of bacon every so often. Because Canadian bacon strips are much leaner, they contain a lower amount of calories than normal bacon. Technically this is meat, which they need, but it is very high in fat, high in sodium, and is a low nutritional food. Cats are obligate carnivores, which means that they require animal protein to survive. The obligate carnivore, such as a cat, consumes meat because its own body requires it. In the short term, eating too much of it may cause your kitty to have gastrointestinal distress and stomach pain. 6 Reasons Cats Sit In Their Litter Box & When To Worry. Bacon is a tasty snack for cats because it is high in protein and other nutrients like selenium and choline. Pieces of bacon given as treats would be the best way to regulate their bacon intake. Bits from the kitchen counter can mess with this important mixture, particularly foods like bacon that are high in calories and salt. Although bacon is not toxic to your furry family member, it may still be a health risk. border-bottom: none; Why or why not? There is no doubt that bacon is delicious, but is it safe for cats? If you give your cat bacon that has been fried in the pan, he or she may become burned. It might seem a bit mean, but in the long run, its best for your cats health to choose an option thats lower in salt and fat. This is why your cat may go crazy the second they pick up the scent of any raw meat or cooked meat. Can cats eat bacon? Bacon is high in fat and salt, neither of which are ideal for cats. Meat bones, especially cooked ones can get lodged and cause your cat to choke or can splinter and cause digestive issues. Felines need meat, and they require animal proteins to survive. Its a win-win for you, really! Cats may eat bacon, however, like with other human meals, they should only consume it in moderate amounts. Not all protein is the same though, and pork is not at the top of the list for best feline foods. Some foods may contain the artificial sweetener xylitol, which is highly toxic to them. If you do decide to give your cat bacon, only offer cooked bacon, and remove the fat. Now, lets find out more about the risk and benefits before we get into how much and how often you can feed bacon if you want to ensure your cats safety. However, I would suggest only feeding your cat a piece of bacon. None of that black pepper or honey BBQ stuff. Any health benefits that they get will be massively dwarfed by the negatives, however. Did you know that your feline friend is an obligate carnivore? The vast majority of people are unaware that cats have lactose intolerance. Yes, most certainly! The same can be said for fried bacon and fat, which are known to clog arteries and increase obesity. It is still full of sodium and fat that can put your cat at risk of obesity if theyre offered it too often. Additionally, bacon is a known carcinogen, as with many other processed types of meat. It has a parasitic infection in its stomach, which is comparable to how much fat you have. Too much fat can lead to pancreatitis in cats, and too much salt can cause dehydration. Humans often grab a package of turkey bacon in the grocery store if theyre trying to watch their weight. As you can probably gather from the nutritional information, bacon isnt exactly a healthy treat for your kitty. We have consideration surrounding cats consuming bacon. Do They Suffer Depression Too? But are all meats suitable for cats, or are some healthier than others? Friskies Party Mix Crunch California Dreamin Cat treats and Tomlyn Pill-Masker 4-oz jar are both rated 4 out of 5 stars. None of that black pepper or honey BBQ stuff. This process cures the cuts, which are then smoked, packaged, and sold. No, cats should not eat these. You can feed a small piece of cooked bacon to your cat on occasion but it will not harm him. Pieces of bacon given as treats would be the best way to regulate their bacon intake. While bacon can be fed to your cat on a regular basis, it is safe to share a small amount with your cat at this time. Before giving your cat any raw meat, make sure he or she is properly veterinarianed and nutritionisted. Toxic: No Your cat will be completely fine if she ate a few pieces of fresh, raw bacon. 5: Cats are carnivores. Just as in human diets, fats, especially the saturated kind in bacon, are wildly unhealthy. According to the U.S. Department of Agriculture, one slice contains a whopping 115 mg of sodium. There is no one-size-fits-all answer to this question, as it depends on the individual cats health and dietary needs. However, in general, bacon is not considered to be a healthy food for cats, as it is high in fat and sodium. Still, it is very high in fats and salt (sodium), and you should follow our feeding guidelines as eating too much bacon may cause health problems like obesity, salt poisoning, high blood pressure, or pancreatitis in cats. Its best to offer your cat a healthier treat, one that provides more nutritional bang for their buck. When administering pills in your cats meals, you can add bacon to the mix so theyll consume the pills hidden in the cat food also. It holds very little nutritional value and is high in saturated fats and sodium. If the batch of meat isn't fresh and clean then you might need to worry about the germs it might potentially have. Instead of making your cat food at home, make it available at the grocery store. Cross your fingers and hope that our cats can indulge with us. They love meat. Technically speaking, yes, cats can eat bacon in that they have the ability to chew it up and swallow it. Once that is complete, you will tear off a small piece the size of a pencil eraser and offer it to your cat. A balanced diet and avoiding foods that are high in fat will promote better digestive health. Anything that isnt natural should be avoided. That said, however, bacon needs to remain an occasional treat and not something they get every day. Fat is present in bacon, ham, bacon grease, and fat trimmings. Its best to stick with bacon flavor cat treats, or other healthy cat treats, though. Your cat will require 137.4 milligrams of sodium per meal, and raw bacon can be beneficial to your cat. What You Need to Know! Quick Overview: Can Cats Eat Bacon? Wondering if your cat can eat bacon? Moreover, can cats eat raw bacon? Raw or spoiled meat could make your cat sick. Cat owners frequently buy bacon-flavored treats as a treat. Never feed your cat raw bacon, as it may contain harmful bacteria. } But, turkey bacon still has high sodium levels and is higher in cholesterol than pork bacon. One ounce of Canadian bacon is roughly 30 calories with less than 1 gram of fat. Although turkey bacon is lower in fat, it still contains lots of sodium because its salt-cured. Symptoms of pancreatitis include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, lethargy, weight loss, poor appetite, low body temperature, dehydration, and increased thirst and urination. In fact, some pet owners even pour bacon grease on top of their pets dry food to make it more appetizing. The high levels of grease and sodium pose as detrimental to your cats' health. Dr. Joanna Woodnutt (MRCVS) is a small animal veterinarian and writer who is passionate about helping owners to learn more about their pets in order to improve animal welfare. Bacon is also high in fat, which is a definite no-no when it comes to feeding your furry friend. My cat loves bacon! Combine this with the fact that some breeds are more prone to diabetes, such as the Siamese or the Burmese, and the case for limiting bacon to small bites very rarely becomes even more apparent. For cats, it is recommended that they consume no more than 800 milligrams of sodium per day, but bacon contains approximately 137.4 milligrams of sodium. They may vomit, experience stomach upsets, and develop diarrhea as a result of consuming dairy products. Firstly, raw bacon may contain parasites or harmful bacteria that might cause your cat to become sick. Learn all about if this food is safe for cats in this quick guide. Wrap-Ups with bacon flavor, grain-free dog treats, and cat treats. Lets find out more. This site does not constitute pet medical advice, please consult a licensed veterinarian in your area for pet medical advice. We advise only giving your cat a small, pencil eraser-sized piece of bacon just once per week. Too much fat and meat can cause diarrhea. Loves a good book (about animals) and playing the piano. Its meant to give an idea of the nutritional content, and exact values will vary a little. Well, the short answer is no, cats shouldnt eat bacon. Too much fat can lead to pancreatitis in cats, and too much salt can cause dehydration. It is not appropriate for cats to consume bacon, which is high in fat and calories. Cats are finicky eaters, and hiding a pill in a bacon made blanket is a nice and efficient trick. Its fine to occasionally feed your cat bacon, but dont feed it on a regular basis. Elevated blood pressure in cats is very real and can come about as a result of obesity. Pour en savoir plus sur notre utilisation de vos informations, veuillez consulter notre Politique relative la vie prive et notre Politique en matire de cookies. Cats are natural meat-eaters, and the aroma of bacon, as well as the flavor of the flesh, should attract them. In small doses and served on rare occasions, bacon wont bother your cat as it is not toxic to them. Cats are obligate carnivores, which means that they require animal protein to survive. Cats can eat raw bacon, but only if its fresh and from a clean source like a good butcher. The smell of savory pork cooking is alluring enough to lure creatures and critters of all sizes into the kitchen, hoping to get a bite. A small piece of bacon wont hurt your cat, though it might awaken the bacon-loving fiend inside of them. Maybe we can all agree that bacon is the best breakfast meal out there! Its advised that cats occasionally eat bacon, but in only small doses. ExcitedCats is reader-supported. As it cooks, the fat renders off, though some remains. This can be life-threatening. The final risk to bear in mind is the risk posed by other ingredients cooked with the bacon. Feline nutrition is a careful balance of the vitamins, carbs, and healthy fats that cats need to grow and thrive. Whether its streaky, back, turkey bacon, or even bacon bits, bacon will not provide any nutrients your cat cant get from healthier foods. Cat treats are far healthier, as are many other human foods. Required fields are marked *. Because Canadian bacon strips are much leaner, they contain a lower amount of calories than normal bacon. Its not recommended to give your cat bacon due to the high fat content. Read more here. Usually, this food has at least one-half to two-thirds fat to meat content before fully cooked. Cat Nail Biting: What to Do If Your Cat Chews & Pulls His Claws, Why Is My Kitten So Hyper? Keep her food intake strictly to high-quality cat food and fresh water to ensure the health of the newborn kittens when they arrive. Its highly advised that you feed your cat some bacon just as an occasional treat. Another risk is related to the fat content of bacon, and this is the risk of pancreatitis or an upset tummy. A pound of bacon contains a lot of fat as well as a lot of grease. Be careful to not give too much meat because as with anything, your cat can get an upset stomach. In fact, there are numerous better alternatives if you want to treat your cat to something delicious. Raw meats can be beneficial for felines and can also be an occasional delicious treat. Turkey bacon is not a better alternative to pork bacon- small, bite-size pieces are OK, but nothing beyond that. A huge animal lover, born and raised around dogs, cats, chickens A small piece of bacon wont hurt your cat, though it might awaken the bacon-loving fiend inside of them. Theres a new treat in town, and its sure to make your cat go crazy! Editors Note . Even though turkey is an ingredient in many pet foods, turkey bacon is simply not appropriate or suitable to feed to felines. Cats Can Eat Bacon Raw In SMALL Amounts. Excess fat and salt can cause obesity, high blood pressure, and clogged blood vessels in addition to health problems. 8 Reasons for This Behavior. If you want to give your cat bacon, tear off a piece no larger than a pencil eraser. Its not a secret that bacon isnt a particularly healthy food. Although bacon is not toxic to your furry family member, it may still be a health risk. Its chock full of nitrates, and saturated fat and the World Health Organization (WHO) classified it as a carcinogen in 2015. Cats appetites are disrupted when they eat too much salt, and they are more prone to developing fatty deposits as a result. When administering pills in your cats meals, you can add bacon to the mix so theyll consume the pills hidden in the cat food also. If you want to give your kitty a bacon-like treat, turkey bacon isnt healthier than its pork counterpart. However, the concept that cats should eat bacon or any other processed meat is a myth. 2023 Cover Story Media, Inc. All rights reserved. For starters, you will prepare the bacon as you would for yourself, following proper food handling techniques and cooking the bacon as per the package directions. Should they? Well, the short answer is no, cats shouldnt eat bacon. Your kitty will entirely appreciate the savory and salty appeal of food, just like bacon can offer! Too much salt can lead to some of the following health concerns: The nature of bacon is absolutely covered in fat. Seasonings could cause your cat to vomit or have diarrhea, and some foods, like onions and garlic, are poisonous. Because Canadian bacon strips are much leaner, they contain a lower amount of calories than normal bacon. En cliquant sur Accepter tout, vous acceptez que Yahoo et nos partenaires traitent vos informations personnelles et utilisent des technologies telles que les cookies pour afficher des publicits et des contenus personnaliss, et des fins de mesure des publicits et des contenus, dtude des audiences et de dveloppement de produit. Bacon has a fair amount of protein in it, and cats need all the protein that they can get. Any health benefits that they get will be massively dwarfed by the negatives, however. Bacon is a fatty meat, though, and can cause health problems for cats if given in large quantities. The inflammation of the pancreas is called pancreatitis, and it can result from feeding your cat too many high-fat foods like bacon. Cats can eat cooked bacon in small amounts, but this only applies to bacon that hasnt been seasoned or added nitrates. A piece of a slice of bacon on occasion isnt going to hurt your cat, but it doesnt provide any nutritional benefits for them, either. While eating bacon with your cat can be a fun and delicious bonding experience, it is not recommended that you give it to your pet on a regular basis. So, go ahead and spoil your feline friend occasionally, but check with your veterinarian to make sure what youre giving is safe first. It is small enough for your cat to eat, but not so much that it is dangerous to them. It is important always to use caution when feeding felines human foods. Bacon is a tasty snack for cats because it is high in protein and other nutrients like selenium and choline. There are plenty to choose from, including freeze-dried treats, meaty sticks, and crunchy treats. The answer to this question is one we can keep short and sweet. Bacon in moderate amounts is not toxic to cats and doesnt contain any dangerous compounds, as long as its not highly processed meat. Dont give your cat bacon that has been sweetened, bacon bits, or raw bacon. Cats can become ill if they eat raw meat and develop a number of food poisoning symptoms. .summary-table .table-item{ A healthy digestive system can be improved by following a healthy diet and avoiding high-fat foods. Well, it is a type of pork, which is an animal protein. 5: Cats are carnivores. Eating meat is programmed into their DNA and has been fed by thousands of years of evolution. Ideally, it should only be given as a treat and not a frequent meal. So, this means that the meat must also be fresh. So, if your clever kitty sneaks some by accident when youre not looking, you dont have to worry too much. They can drink all their water, and if youre not home to serve them more, or you simply forget, they could end up dehydrated. Lets find out why. 2023 Fabi and Rosi. Technically, yes. In the wild, they would typically eat small prey like rodents or birds. Although bacon is not toxic to cats, it is high in fat and sodium, so it should not be consumed. For cats, it is recommended that they consume no more than 800 milligrams of sodium per day, but bacon contains approximately 137.4 milligrams of sodium. Cats and bacon are simply not a good match. Is It Safe For Them Or Not? It has too much fat, salt, and grease for them to digest. Slectionnez Grer les paramtres pour grer vos prfrences. Why or why not? It is prepared without eliminating the fatty content. This might be because bacon has a strong smell and taste, making it extra enticing for your cat. Yes. All in all, if your cat eats a slice of bacon, now and then, accidentally, do not worry. When it happens, it does not harm your cats at all. Find Out Why Your Kitty May Be Thin. Commonly Allergenic: No Overweight cats. Cats can eat cooked bacon in small amounts, but this only applies to bacon that hasnt been seasoned or added nitrates. This means there is sufficient evidence to suggest that bacon contains agents that can cause cancer. However, the most important part of being a pet parent is making decisions to keep your purry pal as healthy as possible. Cooked meat is safest and chicken, beef, and pork are number one on their list of what theyd like to eat. Can my cat eat pork? Making Cat Food: Homemade And Raw Cat Food Diets Explained, 6 Common Reasons Why Cats Pee Outside The Litter Box, The 5 Best Cat Exercise Wheels: Tested & Reviewed, Eyelid Agenesis In Cats: Causes, Symptoms, & Treatment. Or anything with onion or garlic in it is bad for cats. Trimmings and bones of any type, whether cooked or raw, should be fed to your pet. Thats a question were about to explore. That said, continue reading to find out what the risks are if you decide to feed bacon to your kitty. Too much fat in your cats' diet can lead to digestive issues, obesity, and other more serious health problems. In high enough doses, it can even be fatal. These delicious snacks are made with real bacon and are sure to tantalize your cats taste buds. Cats are obligate carnivores, which means that they require animal protein to survive. You can contact a vet immediately without a second thought for their help! Any bacon grease should be absorbed to reduce the chance of it giving your furry friend an upset tummy. This diet is relatively easy to replicate with commercial cat food, which is typically made with chicken, turkey, or fish. As you decide on feeding different types of meat to a cat, its always good to consult with your veterinarian on their own recommendation about raw bacon. But because bacon is loaded with calories, fat and sodium, its important to think twice before offering your feline friend a piece. A form of cured sausage that typically blends beef and pork, salami (and its popular pizza topping relative, pepperoni) is technically safe to offer your cat. border: 1px solid #F0B357; If you feed your cat sodium-rich products, he or she will suffer. Copyright 2022 by FelineLiving.net -Designed by Thrive Themes Cats are obligate carnivores which means they must eat meat to survive. Find Out Now! We do not recommend this route at all due to the greases high sodium and saturated fat content. Cats can eat bacon without fear of dying- it is not fatal to them when fed as a small treat on rare occasions. .summary-table .table-item img{ Bacon is high in fat and salt, neither of which are ideal for cats. So, can cats eat bacon too? Is there anything nicer than the smell of sizzling bacon on the skillet when making breakfast? An occasional bite will not do lasting harm, but it should never be food our purr babies should consume a lot of or be given often. Moreover, can cats eat raw bacon? We often think of bacon as a cut of meat not dissimilar to a steak or pork chop, but its not. However, its important to include them here to showcase how dangerous too much bacon can be. Weve learned the consequences of too much salt or fat, typically causing clogged arteries, obesity, and high blood pressure in cats. Kitties also love the taste and smell of catnip, so catnip treats are always a good option. Cats are true carnivores, meaning they have to have meat; their bodies require it to function.
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