To reduce illegal fishing, WWF supports local rangers who monitor artisanal fisheries. There is evidence of a considerable iron-smelting industry at Manda and of a lesser one at Kilwa. Tanzania and Uganda fought the UgandaTanzania War in 19781979, which led to the removal of Uganda's despotic leader Idi Amin. But there is: underwater. editors@africageographic.com This has led to major pollution and overfishing. East Africa Discover East Africa & the Indian Ocean Islands - Enjoy Breathtaking Scenery, Wonderful Plants & Trees, Countless Varieties of Birds & Abundant Wildlife East Africa is home to some of the continent's most famous sights, but also some of its least explored corners. This is . Farmers are often killed while trying to defend their fields and elephants become the source of resentment and anger by the local communities. This particular shark was cruising with the outgoing current towards the lagoon entrance as a storm front darkened the sky on the horizon. Though there is little evidence to suggest that its inhabitants had any buildings to begin with, wattle-and-daub dwellings appeared in due course, and by the 10th century short lengths of coral masonry wall were being built. Elephants, rhinos, lions, wild dogs, and more iconic species roam the landscape. Apparently established in the 9th century, it is distinguished for its seawalls of coral blocks, each of which weighs up to a ton. It is lined with coral reefs, majestic islands, and, under the surface, animals bigger than any of the "Big Five", and none of them are in game parks! In fact, on the coast of Somalia, many years can go by without any rain whatsoever. These voyages of discovery by the Chinese to the African Red Sea coast, East Africa and its Indian Ocean islands, required sea-worthy vessels. However, all is not lost as marine reserves around the globe have proven what a remarkable recovery the marine ecosystem can make if given full protection. 100 km wide), swift (up to 3 m/s) and deep (2 km). 293,654,000. We work with farmers to adopt practices that conserve resources and use less space, ensuring forest remains intact for wildlife. Corrections? Author of, Distinguished Professor of History and African Studies, Michigan State University, East Lansing. 1: The volcanic ridge offshore Mayotte. [27] There are differing theories on whether there was a single exodus or several; a multiple dispersal model involves the Southern Dispersal theory. WWF strives to develop practical solutions to address the conflict that frequently occurs between people and wildlife. The kingdom is mentioned in the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea as an important market place for ivory, which was exported throughout the ancient world. A whale shark swims with a diver off the coast of East Africa. Precipitation also is affected by varying elevation: Uganda, Tanzania, and western Kenya receive plentiful rainfall, while Somalia, eastern Ethiopia, and northeastern Kenya receive far less. To provide further sources of incomeand also serve as markers for property boundariesWWF helped incorporate citrus trees. The volcanic massif of Kilimanjaro, the highest mountain in Africa, reaches 19,340 feet (5,895 metres) in northeastern Tanzania. 2023 World Wildlife Fund. When ships were powered by sails, the seasonally alternating Indian Ocean monsoon winds allowed for efficient sea voyages up and down the coast. [37][38][39], In September 2019, scientists reported the computerized determination, based on 260 CT scans, of a virtual skull shape of the last common human ancestor to modern humans/H. Swahili, with at least 80million speakers[citation needed] as a first or second language, is an important trade language in the Great Lakes area. Here's a small sample of Africa's best beaches. The scene was of a huge congregation which consisted of a densely stacked (but spread out) base. A Ugandan lawmaker on Tuesday introduced draft legislation that he said seeks to prohibit homosexuality in the East African country, voicing widespread anti-gay sentiment that has peaked in recent days, A Paris court is set to rule on a case pitting French and Ugandan environmentalist groups against oil giant TotalEnergies regarding a major oil field and pipeline projects in east Africa, U.S. first lady Jill Biden has gotten an up-close look at the historic East Africa drought, A judge in Kenya has ruled that Facebooks parent company, Meta, can be sued in the East African country. East Africa, Eastern Africa, or East of Africa, is the eastern subregion of the African continent. East Africa & Indian Ocean cruises. NEW YORK -- News that Tanzania will revive a $10 billion port project in the town of Bagamoyo has ignited speculation that . The equator runs through Africa, from Gabon in the west to Somalia in the east, and nearly splits the continent into two equal parts. With maximum velocities of around 8.5 km/h, it is one of the fastest and strongest flowing currents in the world. Kilwa, Pate, and Mogadishu also developed a local textile industry while Kilwa and Mogadishu extracted copper from nearby mines. Unusually, most of the rain falls in two distinct wet seasons, one centred on April and the other in October or November. Although no houses were being built of coral, stone mosques were being constructed. Workers pulling onions by the Mbarali River, Tanzania. The French settled the largest island of the Indian Ocean (and the fourth-largest globally), Madagascar, along with a group of smaller islands nearby, namely Runion and the Comoros. The school of fish represents the ozone, and the reef below is Earth. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. 1. Mafia Island, which lies out to sea here, could perhaps be Menouthias, the only island named in both the Periplus and the Guide, although this could also be either Pemba or Zanzibar (perhaps there has been a conflation of all three in the one name). This includes: - 3,000 species of molluscs - 1,500 species of fish - 1,000 species of seaweed "The Egypto-Graeco-Romans and Paanchea/Azania: sailing in the Erythraean Sea." Indo-European languages, such as English, French and Portuguese, remain important in higher institutions in some parts of the larger region. Due to the sheer size of the smack of jellyfish, it was impossible to capture the complete scene in a single frame, even though I was using a fisheye lens. However, politics have been turbulent at times, including the attempted coup d'tat in 1982 and the 2007 election riots. For example, we work with farmers to adopt drought resistant crops and conserve natural resources in the face of water shortages. [70] In 1922, the British gained a League of Nations mandate over Tanganyika which it administered until Independence was granted to Tanganyika in 1961. app@africageographic.com To the west, Africa has its longest coastline with the Atlantic Ocean. A green turtle that was accidentally caught in fishing gear is about to be returned to the wild by WWF staff. Outside of protected areas, WWF supports joint antipoaching efforts, involving police, military and park service staff. WWF works with farmers to develop climate smart solutions that conserve natural resources and protect wildlife habitats, while improving local food security and incomes. On the east coast of Africaat the western edge of the Indian Oceanlies a narrow strip of land that has hosted travelers for thousands of years. It is observed by the authors of three 2018 studies on the site, that the evidence of these behaviors is approximately contemporary to the earliest known Homo sapiens fossil remains from Africa (such as at Jebel Irhoud and Florisbad), and they suggest that complex and modern behaviors had already begun in Africa around the time of the emergence of Homo sapiens. [51] The Swahili culture that emerged from these exchanges evinces many Arab and Islamic influences not seen in traditional Bantu culture, as do the many Afro-Arab members of the Bantu Swahili people. Off the coast of East Africa is the Indian Ocean. The rare and protected tiger rockcod at Rocktail Bay, iSimangaliso Marine Park, South Africa Peet J. van Eeden (Photographer of the Year 2018 entrant), The tiger rock cod is a rare saltwater fish species. Azania Vol. Photo Galleries, Photographer of the Year, TRAVEL & CONSERVATION COMPANY WWF encourages the use of turtle excluder devices (TEDs) in shrimp trawlers, which allow marine turtles to escape from nets. Atlantic Ocean, body of salt water covering approximately one-fifth of Earth's surface and separating the continents of Europe and Africa to the east from those of North and South America to the west. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. [29], According to both genetic and fossil evidence, it has been posited that archaic Homo sapiens evolved into anatomically modern humans in the Horn of Africa around 200,000 years ago and dispersed from there. Overharvesting of timber and illegal commercial logging continue to threaten forests in Coastal East Africa. By 1896, the war had become a total disaster for the Italians and Ethiopia was able to retain its independence. We collaborate with authorities on a comprehensive investigation of illegal practices in an effort to create new policies and standards that mandate sustainable forest management and trade. This answer is: This is usually attributed to the passage of the Intertropical Convergence Zone across the region in those months, but it may also be analogous to the autumn monsoon rains of parts of Sri Lanka, Vietnam, and the Brazilian Nordeste. . Sodwana Bay is the oldest marine reserve in South Africa and its healthy reefs and rich; diverse marine life is a prime example of this. ~ Geo Cloete, ? Here the situation differed somewhat from that in the north, and, though tortoiseshell and rhinoceros horn were exported from thereas were quantities of ivory and coconut oilno mention is made of slaves. Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Somalia, and the Red Sea coast of Sudan are considered the most likely location of the land known to the Ancient Egyptians as Punt. Within minutes, the blindingly bright white flats had been obscured by the downpour, and I lost the shark in the rain. These resources must be managed sustainably to ensure their future. In the Western Indian Ocean, WWF works to transform the way fisheries are managed in order to achieve sustainability. The Arabs reclaimed much of the Indian Ocean trade, forcing the Portuguese to retreat south where they remained in Portuguese East Africa (Mozambique) as sole rulers until the 1975 independence of Mozambique. The inhabitants, whose main local currency was cowrie shells, traded with the peoples of the Persian Gulf and, by the early 11th century, had first come under Muslim influence. The traders relied on the monsoon winds to blow their ships to and from the east African coast. Today, tourism is an important part of the economies of Kenya, Tanzania, Seychelles, and Uganda. WWF has also helped community fishing councils gain authority to combat illegal fishing in the reserve. 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