judges sometimes complain that their sentencing choices are:
Thus, corrections must vie with other government programs for ________. Traditionally, women have received ___________ treatment from judges. Correctional systems learn, grow, and improve according to what? Critics of private prisons charge that the profit incentive may result in _________. Response to crime was viewed as essentially a private affair prior to the ______ century. Children of people who have been incarcerated. Which of the following does NOT describe local jail officers and staff employed in the United States today? b. the probation officers don't really care about the client. A regularly interacting or interdependent group of items whose operations are directed toward common goals and influenced by the environment is known as a(n) ___________. A major drawback of probation, as traditionally practiced, is that _______.
2013
At present, the focus of corrections has shifted to: A common concern shared by both liberal and conservative politicians is that _________. a. obvious. b. socialization. The central purpose of the early jail was ______. >>Bail The Human Side of Being a Judge | Which of the following is NOT one of the major factors that influence judges' sentencing decisions? c. exceeds that of men. Community corrections in various locales across the United States have similar ___________. c. Montana Calculate the required amortization for 2019 .
The process by which a new inmate absorbs the customs of the prison society and learns to adapt to the environment is known as: d. 25,000. d. housed with men and other prisoners and treated as they were. d. House arrest, Widespread adoption of intermediate sanctions may further exacerbate ________in prison populations? a.
According to the authors, _______ is the most visible penalty imposed by the American criminal justice system. >>Motion for Directed Verdict/Dismissal Which of the following is one of the categories of crimes under the jurisdiction of federal criminal law? The concept of _______ focuses on the nature of the criminal act alone. Although the idea of ______ had been developed in Australia and Ireland in the 1850s and instituted at the Elmira Reformatory in 1876, not until the mid-1920s did this practice become readily accepted and implemented throughout the United States. Many newer correctional facilities, especially maximum-security facilities, have been built in the _______ style . b. scare tactics. Maintenance. d. uncertain. WebThe federal courts and some states have sentencing guidelines to guide judges in determining appropriate sentences and to encourage uniformity. Prior to the 1960s, courts maintained a(n) __________ with respect to corrections. >>Final Motions Most prisons today employ a _________ model. The United States has about _______ jails. In comparison to men's facilities, women's prisons have: Organizations develop _______ to keep operating with inmates having regular and predictable responses to the staff. d. all of these. Approximately ________ of all people under correctional supervision are living in the community on probation or parole. b. Overcrowding
$350,000
Which of the following is NOT one of the major reforms created and successfully implemented by the Progressives? >>Selecting the Jury b. two third d. bias. 18,000 d. All of these. b. newcomer. These orders are often used as a condition of bail or a suspended sentence. It's time to renew your membership and keep access to free CLE, valuable publications and more. >>Officers of the Court The decision to _______ is a factor influencing the filtering process. c. Elizabeth Glaser Approximately ______ of female inmates are currently incarcerated for violent offenses. Rehabilitating people who had committed crimes. >>Opening Statements Overall, jail population sizes tend to be _________. Your membership has expired - last chance for uninterrupted access to free CLE and other benefits. b. the removal of educational and recreational amenities from prisons. b. fewer problems with those prisoners who are known politicians a. b. gleaning. d. assimilation.
The federal courts and some states have sentencing guidelines to guide judges in determining appropriate sentences and to encourage uniformity. c. similar programming. The opening of both Western (1825) and Eastern State (1829) Penitentiaries in Pennsylvania marked the full implementation of the _________ system of corrections. /content/aba-cms-dotorg/en/groups/public_education/resources/law_related_education_network/how_courts_work/sentencing, >>Diagram of How a Case Moves Through the Courts, >>Pre-Trial Court Appearances in Criminal Cases, >>Presentation of Evidence by the Defense. >>Motions
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>>Closing Arguments Name the 18th-century scholar who applied the rationalist philosophy of the Enlightenment to the criminal justice system. b. medical personnel
Retained earnings
c. gang member.
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The least frequent used criminal sanction in the United States is ______. The ______ and the Code of Hammurabi are the two earliest-known comprehensive statements regarding what behavior was prohibited and punishable. Divergence in the length and types of sentences imposed for the same crime or crimes of comparable seriousness when no reasonable justification is known as a __________. Local correctional workers are often ________. d. doing time. Movement within the continuum of sanctions is contingent upon: c. performance at each level of sentencing accountability. >>Discovery c. Spouses of people who have been incarcerated Whites and juveniles A common strategy in dealing with clients with substance dependency problems is _____. Which time period is known as the Enlightenment or the Age of Reason? State of Illinois Department of Corrections Mass closings of public hospitals for the mentally ill began in the: Which of the following countries now has the highest incarceration rate in the world? b. >>Instructions to the Jury All these activities are part of _______. WebJudges sometimes complain that their sentencing choices are what? African Americans are ___________ times more likely to be in prison than whites. A majority of imprisoned veterans are incarcerated for _______ offenses. Which of the following is NOT a pressure experienced by local jails? >>Jurisdiction and Venue it is inadequate for a large number of clients. 8 In 1973, the prison incarcerations rate was _________. . Athens expects a useful life of four years for the software and total revenues of $5,000,000\$ 5,000,000$5,000,000 during that time. In the wake of the Civil Rights Movement, incarcerated people demanded their constitutional rights as _____. Implementing intermediate sanctions has had three consequences. The term wergild refers to which of the following? American have traditionally tended to equate which of the following with punishment?
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Before that time, a pre-sentence investigation will take place to help the judge determine the appropriate sentence from the range of possible sentences set out in the statutes. a. negotiate between gang members.
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c. not given corporal punishment as men were. Being poor Kelly declined to address the judge before sentencing, a choice his attorney Jennifer Bonjean later said was made on her advice since Kelly has multiple other cases pending. The majority of offenses committed by developmentally disabled people are classified as _________ or public order crimes. .presentence investigation Alternative sanctions tend to be designed for _________. a. Many, if not most, defendants housed in jails are ______. Which of the following was NOT a medieval form of capital punishment? More than two-thirds of people under correctional authority are: b. recreational services. d. the mentally ill. d. Gang, Each year approximately ___________ correctional staff members are assaulted by inmates. c. 20-29 a. lower class enhance rehabilitative efforts to punish people after they commit crimes. c. Drug addiction c. supervision intensive program
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Regaining custody of children >>Mistrials b. reduce reliance on prisons. a. on regular probation In a typical group of 30 or so young adults, it is likely that ________ has been locked up. b. Trenton
Income tax expense
(The main exception is that in most states juries impose sentence in cases where the death penalty is a possibility.) >>Rebuttal What religious group in Europe held the religious monopoly during the Enlightenment? c. conflicts The ________ was a penitentiary system developed in Pennsylvania in which each prison resident was held in isolation from other prison residents.
b. reintegration d. low-risk offenders with relatively stable residences, d. low-risk offenders with relatively stable residences. b. misunderstandings d. all of these. Bell v Wolfish
Plant assets (net)
_______ has been credited with creating the mark system of graduated confinement in England, which called for an incarcerated individual to obtain marks toward early release. d. misdemeanants. b. vocational (In some jurisdictions, the court may instruct the jury at any time after the close of evidence. a. drug use. a. ceased to show a limited understanding of the contemporary prison. /content/aba-cms-dotorg/en/groups/public_education/resources/law_related_education_network/how_courts_work/juryinstruct, >>Diagram of How a Case Moves Through the Courts, >>Pre-Trial Court Appearances in Criminal Cases, >>Presentation of Evidence by the Defense. If we consider the sampling distribution of p^\hat{p}p^. c. transfer to another prison. The concept of community corrections is best understood as a goal to. d. super max. With reference to time, rehabilitation is __________. managing the correctional organization; working with offenders.
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a. rehabilitative b. make prison rape illegal. (In some jurisdictions, the court may instruct the jury at any time after the close of evidence. b. gangs. Which of the following early forms of execution was not as popular in England because it was less of a spectacle for crowds? a. a.
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Of the following populations, who are the most statistically likely to get in trouble with the law and eventually end up in prison? The judge instructs the jury about the relevant laws that should guide its deliberations. Early evaluations of intensive supervision found that __________. Operations Management: Sustainability and Supply Chain Management, John David Jackson, Patricia Meglich, Robert Mathis, Sean Valentine, Elliot Aronson, Robin M. Akert, Samuel R. Sommers, Timothy D. Wilson, Information Technology Project Management: Providing Measurable Organizational Value. Which statement is NOT an argument made in favor or pretrial diversion? d. shocked the public.
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Technological feasibility was established on February 28, 2019, and the program was available for release on April 30, 2019. Which important sociological scholar argued that criminals and their punishment are functional in society, and actually help to define norms and expectation for conformity? Judicial discretion gives Businesses have an ethical responsibility WebJudges sometimes use curfews and/or exclusion orders as a sentencing option. a. cliques. ________ was a leader of correctional reform in England and the developer of a utilitarian approach to crime and punishment.
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_________ are direct descendants of 12th-century English feudal practices. of ethics you would look for in an Which of the following is NOT one of the elements of punishment according to Herbert Packer? a. secure. b. in prison The concept of separate confinement was introduced in several different locations; which one became the fullest expression of rehabilitation through separate confinement? c. classification systems for inmates b. Correctional leaders have found the best way to weaken prison gangs is to: Probation b. provided us with a deeper understanding of the modern prison. c. gang removal Like all other government services, corrections is constantly confronted by frequently shifting _________ forces that further complicate administration. Judges may deviate from the sentencing guidelines if aggravating or _________ circumstances exist. 93 percent of the adult prison population is: a. place them with a gang. >>Verdict b. the same as Factors of Western criminal law are all of the following EXCEPT __________. The __________ model was dominant in the 1960s and early 1970s. In effect, in both kinds of cases, the lawyer asks the judge to direct a verdict for the defendant.
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1. charge to the jury. d. reintegration.
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What is the practice of forcing men to row ship called? ____________ and death have been used throughout history; the sixteenth through eighteenth centuries in Great Britain and Europe were particular brutal. Judges use combinations of criminal sanctions to reflect all of the following EXCEPT the _______. 3. At least ________ people are detained in a jail at some time during the year. c. amnesty. a. d. both save money and reduce reliance on prisons. d. on a par with, Rates of HIV infection are higher in __________ prisoners. b. emotional stress >>Arrest Procedures a. more severely the pains of imprisonment are felt. ____________ is a congressional task that involves helping constituents with problems. >>Sentencing
b. d. politics. b. place them in protective custody unit. c. 2.5 times higher He or she will note that the jurors are to base their conclusions on the evidence as presented in the trial, and that the opening and closing arguments of the lawyers are not evidence. More technical violations occur than with traditional probation. Judges sometimes acknowledged that life opportunities were severely . c. unclear. b. less severely the pains of imprisonment are felt. The Penitentiary Act was based upon core principles under which incarcerated people were confined in solitary cells and labored silently in common rooms and _____. >>Cross-examination >>Civil and Criminal Cases Inside women's facilities there has been a recent escalation of: In instances when parole supervision is being revoked, people who committed a crime possess various _______ rights. Judges sometimes complain Recently, there has been a major emphasis on program to _______ individuals awaiting trial. The individuals who have been accused on convicted of criminal offenses are sent to the variety of programs and organizations responsible for managing them. prison administration should be reserved for the government. a. never 25-32
Interest expense
Ninety-three percent of the adult prison population is ______.
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Long-term prison residents are recognized as those who suffer from ______. c. pink-collar offenders. Maximum-security prisons in the United States are most often built with a _____ design. Studies of community service and restitution programs have generally found them vulnerable to: Early evaluations of intensive supervision reflect which the following? d. all men, The term ___________ refers to programs which educate gang members and eventually encourage them to renounce their gang membership. >>Pre-trial Procedures in Criminal Cases A house of ________ was a detention facility that combined the major elements of the workhouse, poorhouse, and penal industry by both disciplining the incarcerated individuals and setting them to work. Programs that deal with developmentally disabled clients have recently focused on _________. When all forms of correctional supervision are taken into account, what percentage of all adults in the United States are under some form of correctional control? c. the National Institute of Justice. c. hustling. What group(s) is/are affected by the bias that can be present in selecting who receives intermediate sanctions over others? Widespread adoption of intermediate sanctions may further exacerbate _______ in prison populations. All balance sheet data are as of December 31, 2014, and December 31, 2013. The Magistrate Judge also sets release conditions, including any bond. As many as ________ percent of child molesters were themselves molested as children. c. They permit individuals to act according to clearly defined roles and rules *Steps in a Trial* >>Pre-Trial Conferences d. housed with men and other prisoners and treated as they were. Benefit of clergy was extended to ______.
Gerald Company
We define sentencing guidelines as sentencing rules that: (1) are currently in effect; (2) recommend sentences, for most types of crime or at least most felonies, that are deemed to be appropriate in typical cases of that type (i.e., cases that do not present aggravating or mitigating factors that might permit departure from the recommendation);
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to their employees. The mentally ill The legislature, president, or governor has the ability to give an agency the power in the areas of health, safety, and the environment to implement ______________. The Enlightenment proposed which of the following ideas fro correctional reform? When expanded it provides a list of search options that will switch the search inputs to match the current selection. Which Amendment helps to ensure procedural due process and equal protection of the law for people in prison? a. freedom.
Webjudicial discretion. >>Judgment c. Food service. a. in prison. a. inmates. c. rehabilitation a. research Among the stated goals of the correctional process as mentioned by the authors, which of the following does NOT overlap with the objectives of the other purposes? He or she will discuss the standard of proof that jurors should apply to the case - beyond a reasonable doubt in a criminal case, preponderance of the evidence in a civil case. a. jumping out WebIn a criminal trial, the defendant's lawyer can ask for a motion to dismiss the charges, arguing that the government has failed to prove its case. d. White. The _______ came to be known as the Era of Treatment, in which many states adopted the medical model of corrections. d. support prisoner's rights. A(n) ________ is a complex whole consisting of interdependent parts whose operations are directed toward common goals and influenced by the environment in which they function. employer. >>Appeals, How Courts Work Home | c. more coerced than in male prisons. Men between which ages are more prone to violence? d. people. b. the Secret Service. d. inmate code. Which of the following is NOT a common characteristic of America's current jail population?
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The Fourteenth Amendment was ratified in ________. b. telephone pole design Jeremy Bentham's classic prison design known as the ________ called for a circular building with a glass roof and cells on each story and around the circumferences of the penitentiary so that the convicted people could be viewed at all times to ensure they were abiding by prison rules. Judges may use a range of ________ sanctions from those exerting a low level of control to those exerting a high level of control.
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. >>Mistrials One of the future needs for intermediate sanctions and community corrections in clarified _______. The Human Side of Being a Judge | Americans have traditionally tended to equate which of the following most with punishment? The drug abuser presents ______ problems for corrections. In most jurisdictions, prosecutors must .tg {border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0;} During the colonial period, most Americans lived under laws and practices transferred from _____ and adapted to local conditions. a. Pennsylvania Which statement is NOT an argument made against the practice of preventive detention? a. women.
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limited The leasing of prison residents to private entrepreneurs first hold in the _________. a. racial disparities The rate of confirmed AIDS cases in state and federal prisons is __________ in the total U.S. population. d. individual program supervision. They relieve the tensions of prison life. Explain what each of these formulas means in your own words. b. juveniles. 2022 American Bar Association, all rights reserved. The sharing of myths, slang, customs, rewards, and sanctions of a smaller, isolated, separate group of people in society is called: The prison is recognized as a functioning community with its own values, roles, language and customs. Separate confinement was first implement in _______. a. career criminal. Which of the following has NOT been legally recognized by the Supreme Court as justifying abridgments of a person in prison's constitutional rights? The _________ refers to an institution intended to isolate incarceration people from society and each other so that they could reflect on their past misdeeds, repent, and undergo reformation. It is typically employed only against people charged with property crimes. a. In recent years, America's prison population has been ______. d. none of these. One of the ways a corrections staff member can insulate himself or herself against civil lawsuits is to _______. The concept of selective incapacitation rests on the idea that ________. share important characteristics even though they vary in others. >>Presentation of Evidence by the Defense b. rehabilitation. d. mentally ill. Of the following populations who are the most statistically likely to get in trouble with the law and eventually end up in prison? d. custodial, Some Prisons are operated under the direction of: b. The goal of rehabilitation is oriented solely toward the ______ and does not imply any consistent relationship between the severity of the punishment and the gravity of the crime. system of compensation for private wrongs committed against another. a. institutional code. This prison was located in what city in New Jersey: d. campus design. Review by correctional officials of many of their procedures and organizational structures. This is also known as a prison ____________.
