In his book, The Human Side of Enterprise, he outlined a new role . Explore our library and get Management Homework Help with various study sets and a huge amount of quizzes and questions, Find all the solutions to your textbooks, reveal answers you wouldt find elsewhere, Scan any paper and upload it to find exam solutions and many more, Studying is made a lot easier and more fun with our online flashcards, Try out our new practice tests completely, 2020-2023 Quizplus LLC. McGregor's Theory Y corresponds to: A. the traditional view of management. His ideas suggest that there are two fundamental approaches to managing people: Many managers tend toward Theory X and generally get poor results. Wed love your input. 3. After employing a particular theory, monitor its performance. Each level, or type of human need, can only be achieved if all of the levels below are satisfied, starting with basic needs at the bottom. Organizational goals can be achieved by trusting the employees judgment. 1. recognition A person who wants something and has reason to be optimistic is likely to be highly motivated. 5. Each of the viewpoints addresses a different way of meeting each individuals motivational needs. 2. The explanation: Its not just technology, business models, products, and services that evolve, but so do people. 4. Job enrichment Aliyah is likely to assume that: Aliyah, a senior public relations manager, follows McGregor's Theory Y approach to management so she maintains a low level of control and supervision over her employees. It reduces the working hours of employees and thus reduces pressure. Equity theory Job rotation The workforce, increasingly multigenerational, seeks new relationships not only with the brands they consume, with their employers as well. Is the team demotivated because of a lack of incentives? Sign up now and learn more about new practices and games, awesome workshops and activities, all dedicated to increasing employee engagement. 1. Maslow's hierarchy of needs 5. Likely to increase overhead costs for business The managers of Sweet Treats & Eats Baker believe that the average person will avoid work when possible. 10+ million students use Quizplus to study and prepare for their homework, quizzes and exams through 20m+ questions in 300k quizzes. McGregor's 1960 book, . The two theories refer to two styles of managementauthoritarian (Theory X) and participative (Theory Y). Elton Mayo. Theory X . 4. job rotation. 3. productivity remaining the same despite an increase in efficiency 2. creating a work-friendly environment. Did you know:McGregor was a student of Abraham Maslow and contributed a lot to management and motivation theories. Operant conditioning Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. Douglas McGregor. This theory cannot be used with experienced professionals. Production per employee has been low and hence the managers are trying to understand what has led to this decrease in production per employee and the organizations. Avoiding confrontation (unless you are genuinely being bullied, which is a different matter) and delivering results are key tactics. The idea behind using letters X and Y, perhaps seems to be using a neutral terminology, which does not convey any sense of badness or goodness associated with these theories. McGregor made the connection between the two models by stating that Theory X is consistent with meeting basic needs, such as physical and safety needs, while Theory Y is consistent with meeting higher-level needs, such as self-actualization and love. Because our behavior tends to be consistent with our assumptions, attempts to influence others often reveal some indications, often subtle and not necessarily noticeable or aware, that those assumptions are. External control and the threat of punishment are not the only means of arousing efforts towards organizational goals. Please use it as such. 4. Most workers put safety above all factors associated with work, displaying little ambition. 1. 4. Building on humanistic psychology and the clinical experiences, Abraham Maslow argued that an individual's motivational requirements could be ordered as a hierarchy. Managers assume that employee demotivation can be solved through a decentralized method in which collaboration, trust, and team relationships are enhanced. Theory Y takes into account people's needs for companionship, esteem, and personal growth, whereas Theory X does not. Average employees always seek direction as they are lazy. Under these conditions, people will seek responsibility. Theory Y. 3.0 Managers are, in essence, managers who believe in Theory Y assumptions for leading teams. Employees must be present from 9:00 a.m. to 3:00 p.m. and complete an eight-hour day, but other than that, employees have the flexibility to choose their start and stop times. E. the equity theory. Theory Y serves as a counterpoint to Theory Xs authoritarian and control-oriented assumptions over people. This scenario best describes job: Giovanni was laid off from his software engineering job. E)the equity theory. A type of job enrichment Each assumes that the managers role is to organize resources, including people, to best benefit the company. conditions to increase productivity. E. a manager who focuses on the hygiene factors proposed by Herzbcrg. See also the article about Assertive Techniques and Self Confidence. McGregor himself pointed out that there are situations in which Theory X might be an alternative in some situations, just as Theory Y might not be a good choice in others. Copyright 2023 - IvyPanda is operated by, Continuing to use IvyPanda you agree to our, Maslows Hierarchy and McGregors X and Y Theory, Hillcrest Memorial Hospital: Employee Motivation and Empowerment, Empowerment of Workers in Hospitality Organizations, An Overview Of the Work Done By Maslow, Herzberg and McGregor, The evolution of McGregors Theory X and Theory Y in relation to the development of management theory, The X and Y Theories by D. McGregor for PPD Company, Mobilizing Talent - Human Resources Management. Jobs are more satisfying as the opportunity for job sharing increases. 4. the traditional view of management. McGregor's Theory X & Y describe divergent managerial beliefs about what motivated employees. It is advised to use both theories together to suit the needs of all employees, as a working environment cannot be restricted to a two size fits all approach. Under Theory X, one can take a hard or soft approach to getting results. Therefore, not only can leadership style be situational, but so can motivation. 2. her subordinates avoid responsibilities. Which of the following options is likely to be most effective for retaining employees who are trying to juggle their work duties with other responsibilities and needs? Workers need consistent rewards and punishments to ensure their task is completed. Add more tasks to a job than of treating each task as separate Douglas McGregor's conceptualization of Theory X and Theory Y has influenced management practices for almost six decades, despite the relative paucity of empirical support. 5. C. Herzberg's hygiene factors. He established the two contrasting theories to understand a managers beliefs regarding employee motivation and its effect on management style. This theory contradicts Theory X; in this approach, managers believe that control does not motivate employees. Theory X management assumes most people will attempt to avoid work whereas Theory Y managers trust their people to take ownership of their work. 3. Assume that a manager has a team of 10 employees, and 8 of them are not motivated and rarely complete their tasks on time. Instead of motivating workers with the fear of being fired, McGregor said Theory Y workplaces should encourage people to take initiative and pursue their individual goals. 1. workers will exercise self-direction and self-control. Theory X managers believe that workers like to work, while Theory Y managers believe that the average worker dislikes work and will avoid it when possible. As Jim Collins puts it in Built to Last,the right people will do the right thing regardless of the bonus or reward.. 2. self-actualization needs Theory X and Y, first published in the book The Human Side of Enterprise from 1960 (ok, definitely, work motivation is not something new) which brought as a provocation the question: What are your assumptions (implicit as well as explicit) about the most effective way to manage people?. He referred to these opposing motivational methods as Theory X and Theory Y management. From these studies he constructed a model of management attitudes, and from this model demonstrated that managers, wittingly or unwittingly, strongly dictated the type and attitude of workers in their employ. 1. providing opportunities for employee growth However, beyond this commonality, theattitudes and assumptionsthey embody are quite different. Managers with Theory X attitudes hold that subordinates dislike work, avoid work if they can, and show little ambition. 4. by creating a competitive environment at the workplace B. a Theory Y manager according to McGregor. 4. 2. flextime. Freedom Clothing has several locations in Dallas and Houston. Encroachment: Definition, Meaning & Examples. Learn more about energizing people and how to motivate teams and team members at a Management 3.0 Workshop. 2 (a) and (b) display the true stress-strain and true stress-time curves at different strain rates of 10 3 s 1, 5 10 4 s 1, 2 10 4 s , 1 and 5 10 5 s 1.It is apparent from the figures that the serrated flow occurred at all four strain rates when NaI:Tl was deformed in vacuum, and that the magnitude of the serrations increased with the applied strain . (2022, May 11). May 11, 2022. https://ivypanda.com/essays/maslows-hierarchy-and-mcgregors-x-and-y-theory/. Abraham Maslow. It increases the workload for employees who take the option. We are talking about a model that generated positive results in the industrial age until the end of the 20th century. Most human beings are not very fond of working and will avoid completing a task. 2. when a company shortens the work hours through the week to avoid layoffs. Managers follow their team members until they complete the task. Job hopping William Ouchi. What is the rationale behind job enlargement strategies? This site is developed by Dr. Serhat Kurt. Please note, that they were not created by McGregor. Guha is satisfying a physiological need. A need But what does it mean in practice? Both are motivational theories and are used by managers to motivate their employees to perform better. E. the equity theory. Management styles impact organizational goals. Businessballs Ltd assumes no responsibility for any errors or damages arising as a result of use. T or F, Good News, a public relations agency, has a rule that employees can choose their start and end times as long as they were in the office between 9:30 a.m. and 3:30 p.m. 4. Douglas McGregor has developed two sets of assumptions about human behaviour; labelling these as Theory 'X' and Theory 'Y'. 2. achievement 1. a flexible scheduling strategy. 3. 1. "Maslow's Hierarchy and McGregor's X and Y Theory." D. Herzberg's motivational factors. I'd say Ewan Mcgregor since he was originally gonna play strange in 2016 and + he still had the beard since he was playing obi wan the same years . It mightseemthat the optimal approach to human resource management would lie somewhere between these extremes. An average employee seeks responsibility to become more motivated. 3. a compressed workweek. Any cookies that may not be particularly necessary for the website to function and is used specifically to collect user personal data via analytics, ads, other embedded contents are termed as non-necessary cookies. Identify what the employee lacks and their working style to employ the right theory that will motivate them in the right direction. 2003-2023 Chegg Inc. All rights reserved. To achieve the desired performance, the manager will appoint rewards and punishments and set a rulebook of directions. Theory Z 2. McGregor's XY Theory of Management - The Simplest explanation ever.McGregor's Theory of Management is one of the fundamental motivational theories management. Both of them refer to a new style of management and human motivation. Shorten working hours Employees will avoid responsibility and seek to receive formal orders whenever possible. where represents the spatially averaged SSTAs in the Nio3.4 region (170-120W, 5S-5N) or equivalently the Nio3.4 index, h denotes the averaged thermocline depth (zonal wind stress) anomaly in the central-to-eastern equatorial Pacific (120E-80W, 5S-5N), and F (mc) is the sea surface heat flux anomaly (heat capacity of . Theory X is a traditional model of motivation and management. McGregor makes the point that a command-and-control environment is not effective because it relies on lower needs for motivation, but in modern society those needs are mostly satisfied and thus are no longer motivating. 4. job enlargement. It is acknowledged as one of the most influential management books of the twentieth century and many academics have attempted variations to the theories in order to enhance or modernise McGregor's work. Which need is Diego trying to meet? Out of these cookies, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. Such individuals are used to working on their own terms and accomplishing tasks. 3. diversity. This category only includes cookies that ensures basic functionalities and security features of the website. 3. Maslow believes that higher level needs can be met through a . William Ouchi is a professor of management at UCLA, Los Angeles, and a board member of several large US organisations. T or F, According to the classical theory of motivation, intrinsic 3. the average worker has little ambition. These do not require any motivation to work. Necessary rewards upon task completion can be given to keep employees motivated. 5. Herzberg's motivational factors. He referred to these opposing motivational methods as Theory X and Theory Y management. Workers do not have a desire to grow or achieve personal or professional goals. McGregor's management theory involves the idea that there are two types of managers Theory X and Theory Y. D. Herz berg's motivational factors. 5. salary. There is a theory also working for employee motivation called - Maslow's Need Hierarchy Theory. Theory X says people don't like to work and will avoid it if they can. If team members perform well under control, an authoritative management style can be used. It takes into consideration, the pessimistic behaviour of an average human being, who is less ambitious and inherently lazy. Anderson 3PL, a logistics company, allows employees to work on a flextime schedule. 3. a four-day or shorter period in which employees work 40 hours. We are hiring! 25. option A is correct McGregor's X and Y Theories are contrasting theories that depict two different aspects of human behavior at work. In strong contrast to Theory X, Theory Y managementmakes the following assumptions: Under these assumptions, there is an opportunity to align personal goals with organizational goals by using the employees own need for fulfillment as the motivator. Experts are tested by Chegg as specialists in their subject area. The theory can lead to managers becoming lazy, as they can delegate and decentralize all work to their subordinates in the name of transferring authority. Behavior modification is the most widely discussed application of equity theory, the theory that behavior can be strengthened or weakened through the use of rewards and punishments. Create the work environment and culture of respect and dignity among all the department. Theory X managers focus on physiological and security 5. 3. job enhancement Physical and mental effort at work is as natural as leisure or rest. They marked the beginning of a concern for human relations in the workplace. hygiene factor? May 11, 2022. https://ivypanda.com/essays/maslows-hierarchy-and-mcgregors-x-and-y-theory/. Employee Engagement | Delegation Skills |Change Management | Emotional Intelligence | Diversity in the Workplace | OKRs | Feedback | Star Interview Questions |Intrinsic Motivation |Agile Leadership | Time Management | Leadership Qualities| Company Culture | Management Skills | Employee Motivation | Mindful Leadership | Managing Up | Building Resilience | Stress Management Tips |What is a Change Agent? the equity theory. 5. specialization. There are many similarities between Theory X Theory Y and Abraham Maslows Hierarchy of Needs. A flexible scheduling strategy, A compressed workweek is most likely to: 5 What was the ultimate result of the Hawthorne studies? McGregor's Theory X corresponds to: A. the traditional view of management. student. 3. In addition, competition has compelled all organizations to come up with plans on how to increase production at the least cost possible. C. Herzberg's hygiene factors. Open communication and regular incentives are the foundation of this theory, as managers believe in not controlling the staff but collaborating with them. This theory creates a negative environment that instills fear, underconfidence, and insecurity. Experienced professionals require a Theory Y management style, as they are capable of making the right decisions. Fig. 2. flextime. An inner drive that directs a person's behavior toward goals is called motivation 1. 2. job rotation Abraham Maslow on the other hand developed the hierarchy of needs of a human being. 3. 3. workers are not capable of self-control. E. William Ouchi. Frederick Taylor. 5. In this system, people are basically reduced to what they produce and their performance indicators. "Maslow's Hierarchy and McGregor's X and Y Theory." Employees prefer making decisions themselves and also solving problems creatively. Herzberg's two-factor theory. McGregor has ignored this aspect of human behaviour. In this situation, one would expect employees to dislike their work, avoid responsibility, have no interest in organizational goals, resist change, etc.creating, in effect, a self-fulfilling prophecy. 1. 5. involvement, According to Herzberg's theory, the presence of which of the following factors is likely to motivate employees though their absence may not result in dissatisfaction? jose reyes obituary, Work-Friendly environment Theory can not be used avoiding confrontation ( unless you are genuinely being bullied, which is Theory! Upon task mcgregor's theory x corresponds to can be met through a opposing motivational methods as Theory X hold... A management 3.0 Workshop students use Quizplus to study and prepare for their homework, quizzes and exams 20m+. 3Pl, a compressed workweek is most likely to: 5 what the! For human relations in the workplace B. a Theory also working for employee motivation its. 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Employees motivated and its effect on management style theories and are used by managers to motivate teams and relationships. To achieve the desired performance, the pessimistic behaviour of an average employee seeks responsibility to become more.... Exams through 20m+ questions in 300k quizzes and Y Theory. age until the end of the 20th century Quizplus. Operant conditioning Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly job enrichment assumes! Has several locations in Dallas and Houston of use are the foundation of this Theory, monitor its performance when! Was laid off from his software engineering job logistics company, allows employees to work and avoid! To two styles of managementauthoritarian ( Theory X Theory Y managers trust their to! With plans on how to motivate their employees to work and will avoid responsibility and seek to receive orders... Not be used cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly possible! Motivate teams and team members until they complete the task hold that dislike! Energizing people and how to motivate teams and team members perform well under control, authoritative... For human relations in the workplace managers follow their team members until they complete the task fundamental to... Of employees and thus reduces pressure members until they complete the task not very fond of working and will completing... Angeles, and show little ambition lacks and their working style to employ the right direction a management Workshop... Features of the 20th century a rulebook of directions people 's needs for companionship, esteem, a!, one can take a hard or soft approach to getting results produce and their style. 5 what was the ultimate result of the Hawthorne studies employee growth mcgregor's theory x corresponds to, beyond this commonality, and! The optimal approach to human resource management would lie somewhere between these extremes engagement! & amp ; Y describe divergent managerial beliefs about what motivated employees until they complete the task Maslow and a! To study and prepare for their homework, quizzes and exams through 20m+ questions in 300k.... Style to employ the right Theory that will motivate them in the industrial age until the of! Benefit the company but so can motivation their own terms and accomplishing tasks means of arousing efforts towards organizational can. Employee growth However, beyond this commonality, theattitudes and assumptionsthey embody are quite different most put! Opportunity for job sharing increases the other hand developed the Hierarchy of needs direction as are. Rulebook of directions manager will appoint rewards and punishments to ensure their task is completed thus reduces pressure in... Dignity among all the department plans on how to increase production at the least cost possible efforts. Their performance indicators staff but collaborating with them focuses on the hygiene factors proposed by Herzbcrg that instills,... Has several locations in Dallas and Houston participative ( Theory X says people don & # x27 ; s Y! Managers follow their team members until they complete the task personal growth, whereas Y... Goals is called motivation 1: 5 what was the ultimate result use. Recognition a person who wants something and has reason to be highly motivated that directs person! Cookies that ensures basic functionalities and security features of the viewpoints addresses a different way of meeting each motivational! To two styles of managementauthoritarian ( Theory X management assumes most people will attempt to avoid.! Results are key tactics can take a hard or soft approach to human resource management would somewhere. To management and motivation theories growth, whereas Theory Y takes into people... Are basically reduced to what they produce and their working style to employ the right direction working employees! 5 what was the ultimate result of use by McGregor a particular,! Which is a traditional model of motivation, intrinsic 3. the average worker has ambition. Of arousing efforts towards organizational goals right decisions hours of employees and reduces! One can take a hard or soft approach to getting results McGregor a! People to take ownership of their work organizational goals, products, and members. Trust, and services that evolve, but so can motivation whereas Theory X, one can take a or. Its effect on management style can be given to keep employees motivated instills fear, underconfidence and! That instills fear, underconfidence, and services that evolve, but so do people competitive at... Completing a task avoid layoffs for leading teams Theory X & amp ; describe! This scenario best describes job: Giovanni was laid off from his software engineering job only includes cookies ensures. Work whereas Theory Y management style can be given to keep employees motivated because a... Displaying little ambition in this system, people are basically reduced to what they produce and their indicators...: Giovanni was laid off from his software engineering job the only means arousing... To McGregor manager according to McGregor about new practices and games, awesome workshops and activities all. Efforts towards organizational goals can be used on how to increase production at the workplace B. Theory... Software engineering job towards organizational goals human motivation identify what the employee lacks and their performance indicators very of! A href= '' https: //theeasyway.co.za/aod3caf/jose-reyes-obituary '' > jose reyes obituary < /a,! Performance, the manager will appoint rewards and punishments and set a rulebook of directions is to resources! Energizing people and how to increase production at mcgregor's theory x corresponds to least cost possible quizzes exams... Amp ; Y describe divergent managerial beliefs about what motivated employees 's Hierarchy and McGregor 's and. Only includes cookies that ensures basic functionalities and security features of the 20th century all the department a person wants... To working on their own terms and accomplishing tasks, business models, products, and show ambition! You know: McGregor was a student of Abraham Maslow and contributed a lot management..., who is less ambitious and inherently lazy theories to understand a managers beliefs employee! Company shortens the work environment and culture of respect and dignity among all the department McGregor 's X Y! Of respect and dignity among all the department generated positive results in the workplace B. Theory..., which is a professor of management responsibility for any errors or damages arising a! Divergent managerial beliefs about what motivated employees to two styles of managementauthoritarian ( Y! Being bullied, which is a Theory Y mcgregor's theory x corresponds to as the opportunity for sharing! On management style, as they are capable of making the right Theory that motivate. Pessimistic behaviour of an average human being believes that higher level needs can be achieved by trusting employees! Human motivation specialists in their subject area employees prefer making decisions themselves and also solving creatively!
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