He was raised at the court of Thebes and would have been educated with his eventual succession to the throne in mind. Three wives of Senusret III are known for certain. The text reads "His Majesty proceeded northward to overthrow the Asiatics. What was the most important accomplishment of the first pharaoh? Khakhaure Senusret III (thnh thong vit l Senwosret III hay Sesostris III) l pharaon ca Ai Cp. The art of the Middle Kingdom as a whole is far more intricate and impressive than in previous eras but, during Senusret III's reign, is marked by greater realism and attention to detail. The Middle Kingdom was the period in Egyptian history where the entire country was once more united under a single ruler after the tumultuous First Intermediate Period. [3], Senusret III was the son of Senusret II and Khenemetneferhedjet I, also called Khenemetneferhedjet I Weret (the elder). Granite head from a sphinx of the Egyptian pharaoh Senusret III with youthful features. 2023. Ikhernofret worked as treasurer for the king at Abydos. It was released as part of the Civ V 10th Anniversary event. His final campaign, which was in his Year 19, was less successful because the king's forces were caught with the Nile being lower than normal and they had to retreat and abandon their campaign in order to avoid being trapped in hostile Nubian territory. He had many temples, shrines, and religious monuments built and improved. Mark has lived in Greece and Germany and traveled through Egypt. A year eight inscription details some of the maintenance work done on the canal as well as its name and size: Year 8 under the majesty of the King of Upper and Lower Egypt: Kekure, living forever. The total volume was approximately 288,000 cubic meters. I am a king who speaks and acts. Best Answer. What my heart plans is done with my arm" (Lewis, 87). He ruled from 1878 BC to 1839 BC during a time of great power and prosperity,[1] and was the fifth king of the Twelfth Dynasty of the Middle Kingdom. The Middle Kingdom kings also decided to build their royal necropolis close to their new capital near the modern city of Lisht in the Fayum region of Middle Egypt. See also: Twelfth Dynasty of Egypt family tree, Neferthenut, Khnemetneferhedjet II, Itakayt, perhaps Meretseger. Important king of the Twelfth Dynasty. An expedition under Ramesses IV consisted of 408 members in Wegner's hypothesis is rejected by some scholars, such as Pierre Tallet and Harco Willems; according to them, it is more likely that such a coregency never occurred, and that the Year 39 control note still refers to Amenemhat III, who may have ordered some additions to Senusret's monuments. These include Sithathor, Menet, Senetsenebtysy, and Meret. He was the son of Amenemhat I.Senusret I was known by his prenomen, Kheperkare, which means "the Ka of Re is created." Further, the motif used in the biblical narrative of seven years of plenty followed by seven lean years was common in Egyptian narratives and most likely taken from them by the Hebrew scribe who wrote the story of Joseph. The kings who directly succeeded him maintained his policies, but Amenemhat I (c. 1991-1962 BCE), who founded the 12th Dynasty, moved the capital of Egypt from Thebes to Iti-tawi in Lower Egypt, south of the old capital of Memphis, possibly in an effort to distance himself from the previous dynasty which had united the country by force and suppressed the power of the nomarchs. Senusret III was the first Egyptian king to make Egypt into a true empire by colonizing Nubia, which provided incredible economic benefits that he was then able to use for his many ambitious building projects. His campaigns into Nubia expanded Egypts boundaries, and the fortifications he built along the border fostered lucrative trade. Egyptian culture and power continued to grow until it reached its Middle Kingdom zenith during the middle of the Twelfth Dynasty. Khakheperre Senusret II was the fourth pharaoh of the Twelfth Dynasty of Egypt. The pyramid complex included a small mortuary temple and seven smaller pyramids for his queens. These include Sithathor, Menet, Senetsenebtysy, and Meret. There is no widespread famine recorded during Senusret III's reign nor any indication he had a foreigner as vizier. A Biography of Cancer. The Pyramid of Senusret I is an Egyptian pyramid built to be the burial place of the Pharaoh Senusret I. 1837-1818 BC). The pyramid was built during the Twelfth Dynasty of Egypt at el-Lisht, near the pyramid of his father, Amenemhat I. He ruled from 1971 BC to 1926 BC. Above the vaulted burial chamber was a second relieving chamber that was roofed with five pairs of limestone beams each weighing 30 tons. When the Middle Kingdom began, Mentuhotep II (c. 2061-2010 BCE) of the 11th Dynasty defeated the kings of Herakleopolis and then punished the districts (nomes) which had remained loyal to them and resisted him. The sphinx of Senusret III was found in Karnak, Egypt. His Year 8 stela at Semna documents his victories against the Nubians, through which he is thought to have made safe the southern frontier, preventing further incursions into Egypt. Senusret III (c. 1878-1860 BCE, also known as Senwosret III, Sesostris III) was the 5th king of the 12th Dynasty of the Middle Kingdom of Egypt (2040-1782 BCE). He also was known to have requested to have special tombs made for himself and his family. Also known as Senusret III primary name: primary name: Senusret III other name: other name: Khakaura other name: other name: Senwosret III other name: other name: Sesostris III other name: other name: Sesostris Details individual; ruler; royal/imperial; Egyptian; Male Life dates 1874BC-1855BC Biography Not only was Egypt unified once more during the Middle Kingdom, but it was also a period of tremendous cultural growth and achievement: the kings began building pyramids again as tombs, the southern border was expanded into Nubia for the first time, and language and literature reached its zenith. Senusret was the kings birth name and means Man of the Goddess Wosret. I have added to what was bequeathed me. Senusret's pyramid complex was built north-east of the Red Pyramid of Dashur. 2008-1957 BC) defeated Heracleopolis and unified Egypt once more under a single king, establishing in the Middle Kingdom. As a statesman, the pharaoh made laws, waged war, collected taxes, and oversaw all the land in Egypt (which was owned by the pharaoh). Cite This Work This policy resulted in a much stronger and more secure central government. He was a great pharaoh of the Twelfth Dynasty and is considered to be perhaps the most powerful Egyptian ruler of the dynasty. Wosret was the goddess of Thebes whose name meant 'powerful', and she was honored by a number of Middle Kingdom monarchs who hailed from her city (such as Senusret I and Senusret II). The central authority of Egypt, which was located in Memphis, was eventually ignored by nobles in the southern portion of Egypt, who became like feudal lords, ushering in the First Intermediate Period around 2150 BC. Download this stock image: Granite head of Khakaure Senusret III (Senwosret III, Sesostris III), pharaoh of Egypt wearing the double crown. Probably responding to the growing strength of the native Nubian polities of the region, the king conducted four campaigns in which he quelled the nomads and extended the frontier to the southern end of the Second Nile Cataract. Although he defeated them numerous times in battle, the Nubians so respected him that he was venerated in their land as a god. Web. Although in official Egyptian inscriptions the Nubians, like all non-Egyptians, are regularly depicted in negative terms, in reality they were an integral aspect of Egyptian life and admired the Egyptian culture. He first of all set out with ships of war from the Arabian gulf and subdued . Running a website with millions of readers every month is expensive. The purpose of his project was to increase the amount of cultivable land here. . When he was not in school, he would have engaged in athletic training with an emphasis on physical prowess and military skill. Senusret's pyramid is 105 meters square and 78 meters high. Senusret III erected a temple and town in Abydos, and another temple in Medamud.[12]. (throne name of Sobekhotep III, king of the 13th dynasty) Wadj-Kheper-Re: Flourishing Is the Manifestation of Re (throne name of . His military campaigns gave rise to an era of peace and economic prosperity that reduced the power of regional rulers and led to a revival in craftwork, trade, and urban development. An example of data being processed may be a unique identifier stored in a cookie. Red Granite Offering Table of King Senusret IIIOsama Shukir Muhammed Amin (Copyright). Senusret III cleared a navigable canal through the first cataract of the Nile River, (this was different from the Canal of the Pharaohs, which apparently, Senusret III also tried to build). The exact reason for this is unknown, but it may be because he predates this practice, or that he was not considered a king, as was later understood. It was taken apart by a later pharaoh, but restored more recently by archeologists. Vldl v letech 1837-1819 p. Submitted by Joshua J. As noted, Senusret III was deified in his lifetime and given his own cult and not just in his own country but even in those he had conquered. He ruled from 1878 BC to 1839 BC, and was the fifth monarch of the Twelfth Dynasty of the Middle Kingdom. When Senusret II died, Senusret III came to the throne and decided to remedy the situation. A freelance writer and former part-time Professor of Philosophy at Marist College, New York, Joshua J. Aside from his accomplishments in architecture and war, Senusret III is known for his strikingly somber sculptures in which he appears careworn and grave (Figure 0). The consent submitted will only be used for data processing originating from this website. Please support World History Encyclopedia. Senusret III was among the few Egyptian kings who were deified and honored with a cult during their own lifetime. [10], Such was his forceful nature and immense influence that Senusret III was worshipped as a deity in Semna by later generations. World History Publishing is a non-profit company registered in the United Kingdom. He was a great pharaoh of the Twelfth Dynasty and is considered to be, perhaps, the most powerful Egyptian . Although Senusret I and Senusret II engaged in Nubian campaigns, they never extended the border as far as Senusret III; this makes him the most likely historical basis for Sesostris. [3] Senusret III demonstrated great patience and martial acumen, moving slowly up the river building forts at choke points along the way instead of leading an all-out blitz into the region. Senusret I was the second pharaoh of the Twelfth Dynasty and ruled from 1971 BCE to 1926 BCE. The pharaohs of the Middle Kingdom often appointed their sons as coregents, which was kind of like a vice-pharaoh. Statue of Senwosret III (Senusret III), 1874-1855 B.C.E., 12th Dynasty, ancient Egypt, incised granite (granodiorite), found at the Temple of Mentuhotep, South Sourt, Deir el-Bahari, 122 cm high ( Trustees of the British Museum) World History Foundation is a non-profit organization registered in Canada. The pyramid was built of a core of mud bricks. pharaoh. There was also a southern temple, however this has since been destroyed. Joseph shaved before appearing before Pharaoh (suggesting a native Egyptian Pharaoh, which fits Senusret's date for Joseph). World History Encyclopedia. On them, the king is depicted at different ages and, in particular, on the aged ones he sports a strikingly somber expression: the eyes are protruding from hollow eye sockets with pouches and lines under them, the mouth and lips have a grimace of bitterness, and the ears are enormous and protruding forward. Middle Kingdom of Egypt. Web. Senusret was the king's birth name and means 'Man of the Goddess Wosret'. 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